rupture owing to high pressure or damage to the septa the air passes through the lower-pressure alveolar sheaths to the mediastinum via the lung roots. Passage of air from the mediastinum to the neck or retroperitoneal space tends to decompress the mediastinum. The appearance of subcutaneous emphysema in the neck in respiratory disorders usually indicates the presence of a pneumomediastinum. In...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an enduring health problem worldwide and the emerging threat of multidrug resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB is of particular concern. A better understanding of biomarkers associated with TB will aid to guide the development of better targets for TB diagnosis and for the development of improved TB vaccines. METHODS Recombinant proteins (...

Whole brain segmentation referred as skull stripping, it is an important process in neuriomage analysis. Automatic segmentation of brain tissues from magnetic resonance images (MRI) remains a challenging task due to variation in shape and size, use of different pulse sequences, overlapping signal intensities and imaging artifacts. Level sets and active contour methods have tremendous potential ...

To understand the molecular basis for variable sensitivity to the BH3 mimetic drug ABT-737, the abundance of Bcl-2 family members was assayed in a panel of small cell lung cancer cell lines whose sensitivity varied over a 2-log range. Elevated Noxa and Bcl-2 levels directly correlated with sensitivity to ABT-737, whereas Mcl-1 levels were similar in all cell lines tested regardless of sensitivi...

This study was performed to assess the clopidogrel activity in inhibition of platelet aggregation in suspected angina patients on a daily dosag of 75 mg of clopidogrel for at least 7 days. This clinical trial was conducted in the outpatients department of Cardiology, Post graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 15th October 2007 to 20th December 2007. We included 105 su...

this study was performed to assess the clopidogrel activity in inhibition of platelet aggregation in suspected angina patients on a daily dosag of 75 mg of clopidogrel for at least 7 days. this clinical trial was conducted in the outpatients department of cardiology, post graduate medical institute, lady reading hospital, peshawar from 15th october 2007 to 20th december 2007. we included 105 su...

This study was performed to assess the clopidogrel activity in inhibition of platelet aggregation in suspected angina patients on a daily dosag of 75 mg of clopidogrel for at least 7 days. This clinical trial was conducted in the outpatients department of Cardiology, Post graduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from 15th October 2007 to 20th December 2007. We included 105 su...

PURPOSE Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent growth factor for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in both the autocrine and endocrine context. It also inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway and we have previously shown that inhibition of this signaling pathway enhances sensitivity of SCLC cell lines to chemothera...

Staphylococcus aureus has a tremendous unmet medical need, is impressively fast in acquiring antibiotic resistance, and there are no licensed vaccines on the market yet. Unfortunately, lack of known mechanisms of protection against S. aureus in humans is hindering development of efficacious vaccines. Several types of staphylococcal immune evasion mechanisms dampen effective humoral and cellular...