An efficient and chemoselective synthesis of 2'-O-methylguanosine (6) has been accomplished in high yield without protection of the guanine base. The salient feature of the synthesis of 6 lies in the application of methylene-bis-(diisopropylsilyl chloride), (MDPSCl(2), 2) as a new 3',5'-O-protecting group for nucleosides. Use of CH(3)Cl as a weak electrophile and NaHMDS as a mild base was cruci...

This literature review provides a reference base for researchers contributing to the Threat Convergence Project, an initiative led by the Fund for Peace. The Threat Convergence Project aims to integrate ongoing work in the fields of counter terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and weak and failing states. The evidence base generated through the Project will strengthen t...

This paper details the development of the weak form formulations of finite element type methods using wavelets as basis functions. Such approaches are different from most wavelets based ones that are derived from the strong form. The advantages of the proposed formulation are that there is no need to enforce natural boundary conditions and that the lower order derivatives of the wavelet bases a...

We show that the family of tree languages recognized by weak alternating automata is closed by three set theoretic operations that correspond to sum, multiplication by ordinals < ω, and pseudoexponentiation with the base ω1 of the Wadge degrees. In consequence, the Wadge hierarchy of weakly recognizable tree languages has the height of at least ε0, that is the least fixed point of the exponenti...

we start this article by rebuilding higher operads of weak higher transformations, and correct those in cite{cambat}. as in cite{cambat} we propose an operadic approach for weak higher $n$-transformations, for each $ninmathbb{n}$, where such weak higher $n$-transformations are seen as algebras for specific contractible higher operads. the last chapter of this article asserts that, up to precise...

One basic property of the boosting algorithm is its ability to reduce the training error, subject to the critical assumption that the base learners generatèweak' (or more appropriately, `weakly accurate') hypotheses that are better that random guessing. We exploit analogies between regression and classiication to give a characterization on what base learners generate weak hypotheses, by introdu...

The cloud computing has become the buzz topic in today IT industry because it provides services at lower cost and high availability of services and supports the sharing of hardware and software simultaneously with multiple users. This paper exploits the coordination between data centre (DC) and user base (UB) to enhance the performance of data centre by determining the position of data centre r...

The history of assessing the acid-base equilibrium and associated disorders is intertwined with the evolution of the definition of an acid. In the 1950s clinical chemists combined the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid to produce the current bicarbonate ion-centred approach to metabolic acid-base disorders. Stewart repackaged pre-1950 ideas of acid-base ...

We demonstrate an experiment which utilizes a Sagnac interferometer to measure a change in optical frequency of 129 ± 7 kHz/√Hz with only 2 mW of continuous-wave, single-mode input power. We describe the measurement of a weak value and show how even higher-frequency sensitivities may be obtained over a bandwidth of several nanometers. This technique has many possible applications, such as preci...