association of southeast asia nations (asean) was created in 1967 in order to prevent the threat of communism in southeast asia. but, over time, new states joined it and goals and activities of this organization expanded to other areas such as economic, commercial, political and cultural ones. thus, over time, cooperation between members expanded in a way today this regional organization is con...

to an apogee of mass murder, with widespread killing of military personnel and civilians; the indiscriminate aerial bombing of cities such as London, Dresden, and Tokyo; and the detonation of single bombs over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These nuclear bombs caused some 200,000 deaths immediately and hundreds of thousands of injuries, many resulting in death in succeeding months and in permanent phy...

T he 1972 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) was the first international treaty that enjoins nations to outlaw an entire class of weapons of mass destruction. The BWC’s Article I bans the development, production, stockpiling, or other acquisition of “microbial or other biological agents, or toxins whatever their origin or method of production, of types and in quantities that have no ...

1 Virginia Tech – National Capital Region, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA, United States, Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorate, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC, United States, Biological Process Development Facility, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State Univers...

at the crux of the evolution of nato’s new missions and partnerships over the past two decade has been the question of how to deal with the russian federation. this remains the key question today. therefore, this article examines the options nato and russia face in developing a new nato-russia institutional framework. the article begins with a brief outline of enlargement of nato towards east a...

Biological Threats and Weapons of Mass Destruction H ealth officials have long considered the possibility of bioterrorism, but since September 11 preparation for the possibility has gained greater urgency. Efforts to avert or cope with this threat have raised a number of concerns about the need to coordinate governmental activities, strengthen federal, state, and local programs, supplement the ...

The High Speed Data Recorder was designed to address the high speed, high channel count data acquisition needs of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA). In the interest of national security, the United States Department of Defense pooled its resources, expertise and capabilities to create DTRA. The role of DTRA is to ensure that the United States remains capable of deterring, reducing and ...