BACKGROUND Patients admitted to surgery may be dehydrated, which is difficult to diagnose except when it is severe (>5% Gl116 of the body weight). We hypothesized that modest dehydration can be detected by kinetic analysis of the blood hemoglobin concentration after a bolus infusion of crystalloid fluid. METHODS Four series of experiments were performed on 10 conscious, healthy male volunteer...

AIMS To assess long-term changes in left atrial (LA) volume in patients with morbid obesity [body mass index (BMI) >or=35 kg/m(2) with co-morbidities] and extreme obesity (BMI >or=40 kg/m(2)), after surgically-induced weight loss (WL) after gastric bypass surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed 57 patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery and had echocardiograms both before and after the...

BACKGROUND HIV treatment programs in Africa typically approach all enrolling patients uniformly. Growing numbers of patients are antiretroviral experienced. Defining patients on the basis of antiretroviral experience may inform enrollment practices, particularly if medical outcomes differ. METHODS Baseline and follow-up measures (CD4, weight change, and survival) were compared in a retrospect...

BACKGROUND Interactions between diet, physical activity and genetic predisposition contribute to variable body mass changes observed in response to weight loss interventions. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) may act as 'biomarkers' that are associated with the rate of change in weight loss, and/or play a role in regulating the biological variation, in response to energy restriction. OBJECTIVE...

The effects of ethanol on rat Kupffer cells were studied functionally and morphologically. Eight g ethanol per kg body weight per day was intragastrically administered to rats for 7 days. An isocaloric glucose solution was administered to control rats. The phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system was measured by the carbon clearance method (57 mg carbon particles per kg body weight...

The influence of body weight at breeding on reproductive response to one and two artificial inseminations (AI) of fresh extended semen was assessed in 195 crossbred ewe lambs selected for early breeding and compared with 159 adult ewes, all housed indoors in a controlled environment. In six trials, ewe lambs and adult ewes in progestogen-induced estrus were inseminated 55 to 57 h after sponge r...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate links between obesity, gender and restrained eating in a representative sample of adolescents in Catalonia, Spain. DESIGN Several surveys were conducted in which measurements were taken of a sample of adolescents living in the city of Barcelona. SUBJECTS 610 subjects (57% girls and 43% boys) with ages ranging between 15-17, from 22 schools in Barcelona. MEASUREMENTS ...

OBJECTIVE An extended-release amphetamine (AMP) oral suspension has been developed to facilitate medication ingestion and dose titration. This study sought to determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of this new formulation in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS This was an open-label, single-period, PK study in 29 pediatric participants with ADHD. Partici...

Most prediction equations of feedlot performance cover average daily gains (ADG) below 1.5 kg/d. The question is whether these equations would be accurate for higher ADG. Medium-to-large-framed weanling and yearling steer calves were fed individually using a transponder-electronic gate system in three feedlot trials and fed in groups in two trials. Average daily gain ranged from .9 to 2.1 kg. S...

Key points The trajectory, magnitude and localisation of metabolic perturbations caused by immobilisation (IMM) are unresolved. Forearm glucose uptake (FGU) in response to feeding was determined healthy men before during 72 h forearm IMM, the same measurements were made non-IMM contralateral limb at baseline h. In a similar study design, FGU lipid after high fat mixed-meal (HFMM) IMM limbs. red...