W every firm in a supply chain bears supply risk (the cost of insufficient supply), some firms may, even with wholesale price contracts, completely avoid inventory risk (the cost of unsold inventory). With a push contract there is a single wholesale price and the retailer, by ordering his entire supply before the selling season, bears all of the supply chain’s inventory risk. A pull contract al...

The workload loss ratio (WLR) is a key quantity from the point of Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in packet-based communication, hence it’s estimation is an important issue. The existing results in the area of WLR approximation usually interpret the workload loss as a product of some well assessable quantities. We call this approach as the indirect approximation of the WLR. The drawback o...

We present terminal velocities of M33 B-supergiants, obtained from STIS HST spectra as part of our programme to investigate the Wind Momentum – Luminosity Relationship (WLR) in the Local Group. Terminal velocities are derived from their N V, C IV, and Si IV resonance lines in UV spectra. Comparing with IUE spectra of Galactic B-supergiants we found evidence of low metallicity in three of our ob...

We develop game theoretic models to evaluate strategic behavior in deregulated electricity markets, with particular attention given to the market rules in place in California through the summer of 2000. We prove existence of a Nash equilibrium under two particular sets of market rules used by the CALPX and CAISO respectively. Next we derive a lower bound (strictly above marginal cost) on averag...

The Wholesale Trade sector comprises establishments en­ gaged in wholesaling merchandise, generally without transfor­ mation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise. The wholesaling process is an intermediate step in the distribution of merchandise. Wholesalers are organized to sell or arrange the purchase or sale of (1) goods for resale (i.e., goods sold to other wholesal...

Abstract We examine the relationship between wholesale funding and liquidity creation using a sample of 825 banks in 84 countries during post-crisis period 2010–2020. find that asset-side is consistently negatively associated with short-term funding, but not long-term funding. Our results suggest significantly driven by negative illiquid lending. Moreover, our show positively moderated asset ri...