Renal and urogenital disease is a prevalent finding of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Patients can present with unusual complaints not immediately suspicious for tuberculosis. We describe a 38-year-old man who presented with vomiting and an acute kidney injury. Imaging studies showed nodules throughout the lungs, retroperitoneum, abdominal viscera, and kidneys. Asymmetrical hydronep...

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by large, tense bullae resulting in significant morbidity in affected individuals. The diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid may present challenges due to clinical similarities with various other bullous eruptions. Frequently, epidemiological features can provide clues to the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid, with histologic analysi...

In higher organisms such as vertebrates, it is generally believed that lateral transfer of genetic information does not readily occur, with the exception of retroviral infection. However, horizontal transfer (HT) of protein coding repetitive elements is the simplest way to explain the patchy distribution of BovB, a long interspersed element (LINE) about 3.2 kb long, that has been found in rumin...

The distribution and evolution of ultraconserved elements (UCEs, DNA stretches that are perfectly identical in primates and rodents) were examined in genomes of 3 primate species (human, chimpanzee, and rhesus macaque). It was found that the number of UCEs has decreased throughout primate evolution. At least 26% of ancestral UCEs have diverged in hominoids, whereas an additional 17% have accumu...