The 3-D structure of the solar wind is strongly dependent upon the Sun’s activity cycle. At low solar activity a bimodal structure is dominant, with a fast and uniform flow at the high latitudes, and slow and variable flows at low latitudes. Around solar maximum, in sharp contrast, variable flows are observed at all latitudes. This last kind of pattern, however, is a relatively short-lived feat...

This paper reviews the theoretical approaches and existing models of the solar wind interaction with the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC). Models discussed take into account the multi-component nature of the solar wind and local interstellar medium. Basic results of the modeling and their possible applications to interpretation of space experiments are summarized. Open questions of global modelin...

[1] The solar wind interaction with a planetary atmosphere produces a magnetosphere-like structure near the planet whether or not the planet has an intrinsic global magnetic field. In the case of planets like Venus or Mars, which have no global intrinsic magnetic field but possess a significant atmosphere, a magnetosphere is induced in the highly conducting ionosphere by the time-varying magnet...

sustainable development would be a key solution for climate change and renewable energy plays an important role in this policy. recently, according to increase of co2 emission and other relevant impacts, solar energy has been gaining more attentions from policy makers. thus, compound parabolic concentrators collectors are considered as one of the promising applications from solar thermal advant...

Although there is a lot known about the physics that dictates the movement of the planets and starts throughout the night sky, little is known about the medium which encompasses these heavenly bodies. Let us consider our own solar system as an example of this. The reason for the orbit of planets around the Sun has been well known for quite some time. In addition to this, the predictability of t...

We analyze and compare the ionic charge composition data for different types of the solar wind (slow wind from equatorial regions, fast wind from low-latitude coronal hole and fast wind from both south and north polar coronal hole) which the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses observed during the pole-to-pole pass of its primary mission. The implications on the electron t...

In this paper we present the optimal year round production of synthetic methane fromwater electrolysis and CO2 comparing the use of solar PV systems and wind turbines on a monthly basis. The process starts obtaining electricity in a wind farm or a solar field, which is then used to produce oxygen and hydrogen in a system of electrolyzers. The oxygen is purified and stored, and the hydrogen, aft...

The interaction between Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind results in the formation of a collisionless bow shock 60,000-100,000 km upstream of our planet, as long as the solar wind fast magnetosonic Mach (hereafter Mach) number exceeds unity. Here, we present one of those extremely rare instances, when the solar wind Mach number reached steady values <1 for several hours on 17 January 20...

Incompressible magnetohydrodynamics is often assumed to describe solar wind turbulence. We use extended self-similarity to reveal scaling in the structure functions of density fluctuations in the solar wind. The obtained scaling is then compared with that found in the inertial range of quantities identified as passive scalars in other turbulent systems. We find that these are not coincident. Th...

Aims. We present results of the analysis of cometary X-ray spectra with an extended version of our charge exchange emission model (Bodewits et al. 2006). We have applied this model to the sample of 8 comets thus far observed with the Chandra X-ray observatory and  spectrometer in the 300–1000 eV range. The surveyed comets are C/1999 S4 (), C/1999 T1 (McNaught– Hartley), C/2000 WM1 (...