During the austral winter of 2008, thousands of penguins traveled to low latitudes along the South Atlantic coast of South America. The atmospheric and oceanic conditions from April to July 2008 may account for the penguins' unusual geographic distribution. During that period, South Atlantic coastal waters were cooler; the wind anomalies had northward and onshore components; the ocean's coastal...

Quantitative estimates of precipitation in a typical undisturbed trade wind region are derived from 2 months of radar reflectivity data and compared to the meteorological environment determined from soundings, surface flux, and airborne-lidar data. Shallow precipitation was ubiquitous, covering on average about 2% of the region and contributing to at least half of the total precipitation. Echo ...

The light availability in the upper layer of the open sea is subject to strong fluctuations due to focusing of surface waves. This paper shows measurements of downwelling spectral irradiances as well as spatiotemporal light field patterns along the water column. Results are interpreted with respect to diverse surface waves. Direct wind develops capillary and small gravity waves that affect the ...

11 One of the objectives of the present study is to gain a deeper understanding of the heat 12 transfer mechanisms that control the spread of wildfires. Five experimental fires were 13 conducted in the field across on plots of living vegetation. The lengths of the ignition lines 14 were set in the range of 20–30 m to reproduce wildfire front conditions as closely as possible. 15 The experiments...

The dynamics of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) are assessed under present and glacial boundary conditions by investigating the SPG sensitivity to surface wind-stress changes in a coupled climate model. To this end, the gyre transport is decomposed in Ekman, thermohaline, and bottom transports. Surface wind-stress variations are found to play an important indirect role in SPG dynamics th...

We show that the formal asymptotic limit for all rotating polytropic axisymmetric perfect MHD flows is a kinetic energy dominated wind which collimates to paraboloids around the symmetry axis. We reach this result by showing that another, a priori possible, solution with finite Poynting flux can be excluded on the following physical grounds: (1) the wind velocity does not exceed the fast mode s...

into shock waves in the solar wind upstream of planets. Shortly after the oscillations, Voyager was in the new solar wind regime of heightened magnetic field. Everyone, including Krimigis, now agrees that this new regime is the heliosheath. Now that they are in it, researchers are eager to understand the heliosheath. They missed recording the actual passage through the shock because it occurred...

Steady-state and time-dependent Hadley circulations are investigated with an idealized dry GCM, in which thermal forcing is represented as relaxation of temperatures toward a radiative-equilibrium state. The latitude f0 of maximum radiative-equilibrium temperature is progressively displaced off the equator or varied in time to study how the Hadley circulation responds to seasonally varying forc...

This paper describes a DC surface corona discharge designed to modify the airflow around a flat plate. The electrode configuration consisted of two thin copper layers placed on each side of the plate’s attack edge. Discharge optical measurements with a photomultiplier tube indicated that the light emitted by the plasma is pulsating, at a frequency that increases with applied voltage. Moreover, ...

Changes in coastal upwelling strength have been widely studied since 1990 when Bakun proposed that global warming can induce the intensification of upwelling in coastal areas. Whether present wind trends support this hypothesis remains controversial, as results of previous studies seem to depend on the study area, the length of the time series, the season, and even the database used. In this st...