The safety of a ship is studied using the theory of "safe basin" in this paper. The safe basins of the single degree of freedom (rolling) in waves and winds are investigated. The influences of a static heel angle, waves and winds to the safe basin erosion are examined. It is found that the shape of the safe basin is changed when a static bias angle takes place, and the area of the safe basin de...

Katabatic winds on ice sheets and glaciers are buoyancy-driven flows, much like turbidity currents in the ocean. These winds are driven by radiative cooling of the ice surface and are not resolved by the typical horizontal and vertical discretization of general circulation models; therefore, a parameterization of their magnitude is desirable. In this paper, it is shown that the simplest such pa...

Winds blown from collapsar accretion disks may produce observable stellar explosions independent of any GRB-(and afterglow)-producing jets which may be simultaneously produced. The production of winds is controlled by the accretion disk physics, in particular, the nature of disk cooling via neutrino emission and photodisintegration of heavy nuclei. These temperature-dependent processes depend o...

WR140 (WC7pd + O5) is often considered to be the archetype of hot, luminous colliding-wind binaries, with strong cyclic high-energy and dust-formation events. The challenge is that this system is quite extreme, with a long period (nearly an integral 7.94 years) and high eccentricity (e = 0.88). Most of the action thus occurs during the relatively short several-month interval of close periastron...

Accretion flows may produce profuse winds when they have positive specific energy. Winds deplete matter from the inner region of the disk and makes the inner region thinner, optically. Since there are fewer electrons in this region, it becomes easier to Comptonize this part by the soft photons which are intercepted from the Keplerian disk farther out. We present a self-consistent picture of win...

A stellar-occultation light curve for Triton shows asymmetry that can be understood if Triton's middle atmosphere is distorted from spherical symmetry. Although a globally oblate model can explain the data, the inferred atmospheric flattening is so large that it could be caused only by an unrealistic internal mass distribution or highly supersonic zonal winds. Cyclostrophic winds confined to a ...

The stellar winds of massive stars show large changes in mass-loss rates and terminal velocities during their evolution from O-star through the Luminous Blue Variable phase to the Wolf-Rayet phase. The luminosity remains approximately unchanged during these phases. These large changes in wind properties are explained in the context of the radiation driven wind theory, of which we consider four ...

Maximum winds in Hurricane Debbie, August 1969, decreased after modification experiments by Project Stormfury. Clouds surrounding the center of Debbie were seeded with silver iodide particles five times at approximately 2-hour intervals on both 18 and 20 August. Before the first seeding on 18 August, the maximum speed of winds at 3600 meters was 182 kilometers per hour, but, 5 hours after the f...

Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed to...

This paper describes observations of a new phenomenon in evolved mass-losing AGB stars: the presence of two winds with diierent expansion velocities. CO(2-1) and CO(3-2) line emission was observed for 45 AGB stars at high velocity resolution and double winds found in 20% of the sample. Highly asymmetric lines were found in six other stars. The data tentatively suggest that double winds occur wh...