the study of flight vehicle structures reveals the importance of obtaining the most suitable accuracy compatible with construction. for this purpose, several experiments were conducted at the agard institute. in this paper the results of one such experiment performed on a sample airplane wing are presented. aircraft structural engineers use several methods to model these structures. specifing h...

This study describes the initial phases of wing morphogenesis of Megoura viciae Buckton (Homoptera Aphididae). We evaluated the development of wing buds in males (winged) and parthenogenetic females (presumed to become wingless) of M. viciae from birth to 4 instar. Wing bud epithelium in males is initially simple, becoming bistratified and then progressing to stratify. Mitotic activity is more ...

A multi-objective optimization (MOO) of two-element wing models with morphing flap by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques, artificial neural networks (ANN), and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms (NSGA II), is performed in this paper. At first, the domain is solved numerically in various two-element wing models with morphing flap using CFD techniques and lift (L) and drag ...

The objective of this study is to develop a wireless ultrasonic structural health monitoring (SHM) system for aircraft wing inspection. In part I of the study (Zhao et al 2007 Smart Mater. Struct. 16 1208–17), small, low cost and light weight piezoelectric (PZT) disc transducers were bonded to various parts of an aircraft wing for detection, localization and growth monitoring of defects. In thi...

By simultaneously measuring flight forces and stroke kinematics in several species of fruit flies in the genus Drosophila, we have investigated the relationship between wing motion and aerodynamic force production. We induced tethered flies to vary their production of total flight force by presenting them with a vertically oscillating visual background within a closed-loop flight arena. In resp...

Aircraft winglets are well-established devices that improve aircraft fuel efficiency by enabling a higher lift over drag ratios and lower induced drag. Retrofitting to existing also increases payload/range the same order of burn savings, although additional loads moments imparted wing may impact structural interfaces, adding more weight wing. Winglet installation on influences numerous design p...