The x-ray structure of a C-terminal fragment of the RAP74 subunit of human transcription factor (TF) IIF has been determined at 1.02-A resolution. The alpha/beta structure is strikingly similar to the globular domain of linker histone H5 and the DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3gamma (HNF-3gamma), making it a winged-helix protein. The surface electrostatic properties of this com...

After the entire human DNA sequence was made public, many post-genome researchers began to investigate the systems of living creatures. Creatures consist of vast collections of proteins and their bodies are maintained by complex interactions among genes, proteins, and organic molecules. One major area of interest is how the characteristics of each creature are manifest and what kind of proteins...

Virtual creatures operating in a physically realistic 3D environment, as originally introduced by Karl Sims, provide a challenging domain for artificial evolution. However, few coevolutionary experiments have been reported. Here we describe the results of our experiments on the evolution of physical combat among virtual creatures: essentially, we evolve creatures that trade blows with each othe...

Adult learning theory, first described by Malcolm Knowles in the early 1970s, is based on a number of apparently self-evident axioms about how adults learn. The fundamental assumptions remain largely untested, and a critical analysis suggests that they may be largely a product of the environment in which adults find themselves rather than of any innate differences between adults and children. W...

1. The production of winged morphs is a well known mechanism of induced defence in aphids to escape from natural enemies, and is also a reaction to poor resource quality. 2. Host plants of aphids often associate with endophytic fungi that have been shown to reduce the fitness of some species of aphids. 3. It was hypothesised that endophyte infection of host plants that represent a low quality p...

I propose a conceptual framework for emotions according to which they are best understood as the feedback mechanism a creature possesses in virtue of its function to learn. More specifically, emotions can be neatly modeled as a measure of harmony in a certain kind of constraint satisfaction problem. This measure can be used as error for weight adjustment (learning) in an unsupervised connection...