Reinforcement learning is one of the more attractive machine learning technologies, due to its unsupervised learning structure and ability to continually learn even as the environment it is operating in changes. This ability to learn in an unsupervised manner in a changing environment is applicable in complex domains through the use of function approximation of the domain’s policy. The function...

The special issue on ICT-based strategies for environmental conflicts to be published in the journal Strategic Behavior and the Environment contains four peer-reviewed articles devoted to the analysis of multi-agents decision problems arising from the exploitation of environmental resources, and where Information and Communications Technologies are crucial for the design and the implementation ...

Field experiments conducted during the years 2003-2005 showed that the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration decreased as a result of pea infection by Peronospora viciae. Foliar application of effective microorganisms (EM) combined with chemical control increased the rate of photosynthesis in pea, while other methods of EM application reduced net photosynthesis values (An). Chemical control ...

The International Journal of Agriculture and Environment is an open access peer-reviewed international journal published 4 times a year at the end of each season with a purpose to enhance our Agricultural and Environmental knowledge dissemination in the world. Any valuable paper that describes Agriculture & Environment phenomena is welcome. Our aim is a green world and hence, the journal have a...

An evaluation of lesions in the livers of Black and White cattle, aged 4 to 7, naturally infested with Fasciola hepatica was performed. The studies included a comprehensive analysis of histological lesions and liver enzyme activities determined with histochemical methods depending on the degree of natural Fasciola hepatica infestation. The studies revealed increased number of reticular fibres, ...

Koblmuller et al. (2009) analysed molecular genetic data of the wolf in the Great Lakes (GL) region of the USA and concluded that the animal was a unique ecotype of grey wolf and that genetic data supported the population as a discrete wolf taxon. However, some of the literature that the researchers used to support their position actually did not, and additional confusion arises from indefinite...

The special issue on ICT-based strategies for environmental conflicts to be published in the journal Strategic Behavior and the Environment contains four peer-reviewed articles devoted to the analysis of multi-agents decision problems arising from the exploitation of environmental resources, and where Information and Communications Technologies are crucial for the design and the implementation ...

I present marrow fat (MF) data from a large sample of white-tailed deer fawns killed by wolves and a sample of fawns that died by accident in a single area, and I use these data to explore the extent that poor nutritional condition may have predisposed fawns to wolf predation. Percent MF of 110 5–10-month-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns killed by wolves (Canis lupus) from N...

The International Journal of Agriculture and Environment is an open access peer-reviewed international journal published 4 times a year at the end of each season with a purpose to enhance our Agricultural and Environmental knowledge dissemination in the world. Any valuable paper that describes Agriculture & Environment phenomena is welcome. Our aim is a green world and hence, the journal have a...