where 0 ≤ s ≤ t ≤ 1 and ⊗ denotes a tensor product. Lyons [17] proved that solutions of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are continuous functions of the Brownian rough path w(s, t) = ( w(s, t)1, w(s, t)2). We give a precise definition of the Brownian rough path in the next section; see also [18] and [15]. The discontinuity of solutions of SDEs in the uniform convergence topology of w ca...

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the AVACEN Treatment Method (ATM) at improving pain symptoms in fibromyalgia patients. Methods: Twenty female and two male participants (26 to 76 years; M=48 years) diagnosed with fibromyalgia, were randomized into two groups. Group A (n=5) underwent one 10 min therapeutic warming session daily, and Group B (n=17 started, n=14 completed) underwent two 15 ...

Whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates (WPI), comprised mainly of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), are added to foods to boost nutritional and functional properties. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂) has been shown to effectively fractionate WPC and WPI to obtain enriched fractions of α-LA and β-LG, thus creating new whey ingredients that ...

The role of enzyme crosslinking in mediating formation of hydrophobic association in chemically denatured whey protein isolates (WPI) is examined. WPI samples denatured with dithiothreitol (DTT) and incubated at 50 8C with and without transglutaminase enzyme show dramatic differences in viscosity, with the viscosity of the sample exposed to enzyme being lower by several orders of magnitude than...

Seventy-three billion chicken eggs are produced annually in the United States. However, less than 0.1% of these eggs are exported. Increasing the shelf-life of eggs may increase export sales. The goal of this research was to determine whether food-grade coatings on eggs may extend shelf-life under refrigerated storage. Four food-grade coatings were selected: paraffin wax, mineral oil, soy prote...

The effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on semen quality was examined in a group of 11 spontaneously infected boars in a commercial boar stud. Semen samples were collected 4 weeks prior to 4 weeks post-infection (wpi). Infection with PRRSV of the European genotype subtype 1 (EU-1) was verified by specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR...

We formulate two-color nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (WPI) for application to a diatomic molecule in the gas phase and show that this form of heterodyne-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy will permit the reconstruction of photoinduced rovibrational wave packets from experimental data. Using two phase-locked pulse pairs, each resonant with a different electronic transition,...

In this research paper, attempt has been made to explore the relation especially the causal relation between stock market index i.e. BSE Sensex and three key macro economic variables of Indian economy by using correlation, unit root stationarity tests and Granger causality test. Monthly data has been used from April,1995 to March, 2009 for all the variables, like, BSE Sensex, wholesale price in...

Different assays to detect antigens of Trichinella spiralis during current infection have been standardized, although sensitivity values have been the main limitation to use them as routine diagnostic test. We report the production and use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the new born larvae which recognize both somatic and metabolic antigens from adult and muscular larvae (ML). We used ...

A unique feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is that viral clearance heavily depends on the age of exposure. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Here we show that gut microbiota contribute to the age dependence of HBV immunity in a hydrodynamic transfection mouse model. Although adult (12-wk-old) C3H/HeN mice cleared HBV within 6 wk postinjection (wpi), their young ...