Modern software design has less writing large programs and more orchestrating the actions of prewritten library elements. These elements, generally known as components, are stateful software elements which can operate and interact in unexpected ways. Most errors in large systems result from unanticipated behavior from components, or unexpected interaction between components. In this paper, we a...

Today, spelling and grammar checkers are integrated into modern word processing environments. In some contexts of writing however, these components are not sufficient. In companies that write technical documentation, or when writing a research paper for a specific scientific community, style guides that can only be found in handbooks need to be followed. If such rules are to be implemented in a...

A simple approach to producing a 1×N beam splitter is demonstrated by fabricating a volumetric multiplex phase Fresnel zone plate in bulk transparent material. This comprised four layers of zone plates created in borosilicate glass by femtosecond laser direct-writing, each shifted laterally relative to the illumination axis, creating four separate beamlets. Since the power transmitted in each b...

Background: prescribing is the first and foremost component in the process of using drugs. Hence, it is a vital element in rational drug use. The concept of rational prescribing requires that the prescriber follows correct and complete prescription writing. Prescribing errors may have various detrimental consequences. Hence, the components of a prescription should be clearly written, free of dr...

Given mounting evidence for working memory impairments in dyslexia, letter reversals during rapid automatic letter naming (phonological loop) or rapid automatic letter writing (orthographic loop) may reflect momentary inefficiency of working memory. Few of the children, with or without dyslexia, in a multi-generational family genetics study, produced reversals, but those with dyslexia produced ...

Two experiments examined whether text composition engages verbal, visual, and spatial working memory to different degrees. In Experiment 1, undergraduate students composed by longhand a persuasive text while performing a verbal, visual, or spatial concurrent task that was presented visually. In Experiment 2, participants performed a verbal or spatial concurrent task that was aurally presented. ...

The editors of Pain and Therapy would like to make the following amend to the Acknowledgements section of the abovementioned paper. The disclosure statement should read as follows: ‘‘No funding or sponsorship was received for this study. For preparation of this article, medical writing assistance was provided by Latoya M. Mitchell, Ph.D., of Grifols. Dr. Tachdjian is the guarantor for this arti...

Background: To examine the Healthy Fitness Zone (pass/fail) criterionreferenced reliability (CRR) and equivalency (CRE) of the 1-mile run/walk (MRW) and Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in adolescents (13 to 18 years). Methods: Seventy-six girls and 165 boys were randomly assigned to complete 2 trials of each test. Results: CRR for the boys on the MRW (Pa = 77%, κq = 0.5...

This paper describes two communication formalisms for Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) tools. First, a problem and solution language has been designed. The language will be used for writing problems to be input to ATP systems, and for writing solutions output by ATP systems. Second, a hierarchy of result statuses, which adequately express the range of results output by ATP systems, has been esta...