Direct-write optical waveguide device fabrication is probably the most widely studied application of femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent dielectrics at the present time. Devices such as buried waveguides, power splitters, couplers, gratings, optical amplifiers and laser oscillators have all been demonstrated. This paper reviews the application of the femtosecond laser direct-write t...

The generation of punctuation (including formatting) in written text has not been explored extensively, despite general acknowledgment that punctuation is crucial not just for rare cases of disambiguation, but more generally for ease of comprehension and thus for the ultimate effectiveness of a text. A framework for the generation of natural language argument is summarized, and is then shown to...

Humans can recognize different types of written languages by their grammars and vocabularies. However, computers see everything as numbers. We present a computational algorithm for machine classification of written languages using the method of vector quantization. For a language document, each word is converted to a sequence of numbers and forms as a vector of numerical values according to its...

In this paper we describe research on summarizing conversations in the meetings and emails domains. We introduce a conversation summarization system that works in multiple domains utilizing general conversational features, and compare our results with domain-dependent systems for meeting and email data. We find that by treating meetings and emails as conversations with general conversational fe...

This paper deals with automatic structuring and sentence boundary labelling in natural language texts. We describe the implemented structure tagging algorithm and heuristic rules that are used for automatic or semiautomatic labelling. Inside the detected sentence the algorithm performs a decomposition to clauses and then marks the parts of text which do not form a sentence, i.e. headings, signa...

Written instructions are a common way of teaching people how to accomplish tasks on the web. However, studies have shown that written instructions are difficult to follow, even for experienced users. A system that understands human-written instructions could guide users through the process of following the directions, improving completion rates and enhancing the user experience. While general n...

1 2 hour examination. All questions carry the same weight. Answer all six questions. • Please print your name on the sticky note attached to the outside envelope, and nowhere else. • Please do not write your name on the examination booklets. • Please answer each question in a separate booklet, and number each booklet with that question number. • Read the questions carefully. Keep your answers b...

This paper discusses the different methods for optical character recognition (OCR), which has been an important field to research from a few decades due its huge necessity to convert paper documents or books in computer readable format. Though Bangla (widely used as Bengali) is one of the top uses language among the other languages, but there is no reliable character recognizer for this. Our wo...

BACKGROUND Psychological stress has been widely implicated in asthma exacerbation. Evidence suggests that written emotional disclosure, an intervention that involves writing about traumatic or stressful experiences, helps to reduce stress and promote physical and psychological well-being. Written emotional disclosure may have a role in the management of asthma. OBJECTIVES This review aims to ...

The handover of large numbers of medical patients, during on call periods when staffing levels are reduced, is a challenge for all acute medical services. At the Royal Cornwall Hospital, a large district general hospital, we identified that foundation doctors were reviewing medical inpatients during weekend on call periods with limited written handover information. We chose to address this prob...