We compare different systems for use in information retrieval of items by voice. These systems differ only in the unit they use: words, a subwords, a combination of these into a hybrid, and phones. The subword set is derived by splitting words using a Minimum Description Length (MDL) criterion. In general, we convert an index written in terms of words into an index written in terms of these dif...

Causal reconstruction is the task of reading a written causal description of a physical behavior, forming an internal model of the described activity, and demonstrating comprehension through question answering. This task is diicult because written descriptions often do not specify exactly how referenced events t together. This article (1) characterizes the causal reconstruction problem, (2) pre...

Like the sequence of words in written language, comic book page layouts direct images into a deliberate reading sequence. Conventional wisdom would expect that comic panels follow the order of text: left-to-right and down - a "Z-path" - though several layouts can violate this order, such as Gestalt groupings of panels that deny a Z-path of reading. To examine how layouts pressure readers to cho...

In the present study, two different models of task complexity; namely, limited attentional capacity model and cognition hypothesis were examined. To this end, the manipulation of cognitive task complexity along +/- single task dimension on Iranian EFL learners’ production in terms of fluency was explored. Based on the results of the writing test of TOFEL (2004), 48 learners were selected as the...

Based on Robinson’s Cognition Hypothesis, this study explored the effects of task complexity on the lexical complexity of Iranian EFL students’ argumentative writing.This study was designed to explore the manipulation of cognitive task complexity along +/-single task dimension (a resource dispersing dimension in Robinson’s triadic framework) on Iranian EFL learners’ production in term of lexica...

according to industrial accident’s investigation 60 to 90% of all accidents have directly been caused by human error. in this study , which has been done in the isomax unit of an oil refinery , totally 25 existing occupational tasks were  reviewed by aid of the results produced from interviewing the workers , discussing with supervisors & line managers and considering all the past accident’s re...

Disagreement exists regarding the functional locus of semantic interference of distractor words in picture naming. This effect is a cornerstone of modern psycholinguistic models of word production, which assume that it arises in lexical response-selection. However, recent evidence from studies of dual-task performance suggests a locus in perceptual or conceptual processing, prior to lexical res...

We propose and compare through simulations different ways of linking a continuum descriptiond protein dynamics translocation tissue pores with the low-scale discrete structure its inner interactions. At first we consider model emerging from version Cauchy-Born rule, written in terms velocities. Then, explore variants, which account for rate at amino acids move relatively to mass center. In repr...

Researchers and scholars have been attracted by the idea of using integrated writing task along with independent writing task to best assess the EFL learners’ writing competence. This study was conducted to compare the writing performance of EFL students in integrated and independent writing tasks. It also aimed to find out if writing performance varies with task types. A number of thirty Irani...