Drawing on perspectives from telecommunications policy and neo-Gramscian understandings of international political economy this paper offers an explanation and analysis of the shifting patterns of regulation which have been evident in the telecommunications sector in recent years. It aims to illustrate, explain and explore the implications of the movement of regulatory sovereignty away from the...

EU-US trade disputes have recently caught much attention, because they have involved lasting non-compliance coupled with WTO-authorized retaliation. A recent paper by Breuss (2004) shows that the outcome in most cases has probably involved economic damage on both sides. Does this testify to a general weakness, or even failure, of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism? This paper develops a theor...

This paper argues that the benefits of international institutions accrue disproportionately to pairs of states that find cooperation most difficult. It determines which states achieve the greatest gains from these institutions by identifying a central reason that states fail to cooperate in international relations: they fear being “held up” by other states for political concessions. Political h...

THE struggle of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to conclude the Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations brought again to the forefront the important role that agricultural policy continues to play in international trade relations. The sector is subject to heavy-handed governmental interventions throughout the world. Despite decades (even centuries) of economists’ arguments against agri...

The order of World Trade Organization (WTO), which deals with international trade at the global level, allows handling also regional level under certain conditions. In this context, agreements (RTA) have been signed and trend continues. Such treaties named differently whereas they essentially same functions. On other hand, while there is an advanced dispute settlement mechanism within WTO, simi...

The global trading system has undergone a shift away from multilateral trade negotiations to ‘spaghetti-bowl’ of regional and bilateral free agreements (FTAs). In this two-part glossary, we discuss why occurred, focusing on how it poses new challenges for public health. Specifically, introduce key terms that shape environment explain them through health lens. Part 1 glossary focuses provisions ...

the legal texts of wto consist of about 60 agreements, annexes, decisions and understandings containing so many obligations which should be observed and enforced by member states. enforcement of these numereous obligations requires effective dispute settlement mechanisms to guarantee the proper function of the system. in wto two main mechanisms have been designed for this purpose. the first is ...

At the end of 2002, the United States rejected a compromise proposal aimed at giving developing countries without local manufacturing capacities access to affordable life-saving drugs. At a December meeting at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, negotiators of several of the 144 WTO members expressed their regret about the failure to reach an agreement by the intended deadline, which ...