Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) have a great agricultural and economic impact worldwide; they also present an interesting nutritional value, their consumption has been associated with beneficial health effects. In this study, 15 apple varieties (three commercial, 12 autochthonous genotypes) were collected from mountainous areas in Spain evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-obesity ...

Oxygen metabolites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various types of acute tissue injury. One biologic source of oxygen metabolites is the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Because we previously demonstrated that the substrates for xanthine oxidase (hypoxanthine and xanthine) are elevated in the plasma of critically il l patients, we questioned whether the enzyme its...

In 1948 Miller (1) demonstrated that the loss of liver xanthine oxidase activity in the rat greatly exceeded the loss of liver protein during acute inanition. Moreover, xanthine oxidase appeared to be the most labile of the four liver enzymes studied. Westerfeld and Richert (2) observed that increasing the level of protein in the diet tended to bring about an increase in liver xanthine oxidase ...

Previous papers examined lipid peroxidase levels and myeloperoxidase activity as products of oxidative and inflammatory reactions in the tear fluid of patients suffering from dry eye. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether the enzymes xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase known to generate reactive oxygen species contribute to oxidative reactions on the ocular surface. Xanth...

Two phenolics, 1,2,6-trigalloylglucose (1) and 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose (2), isolated from the stem-bark of Juglans mandshurica were evaluated for their antioxidative activities. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong scavenging activities against 1,1'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzenthiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS(*+)), and superoxide ra...

Famciclovir, a 9-substituted guanine derivative, is a new antiviral agent which undergoes rapid hydrolysis and oxidation in man to yield the active antiherpes agent, penciclovir. Studies with human liver cytosol have indicated that the oxidation of the penultimate metabolite, 6-deoxypenciclovir, to penciclovir is catalyzed by the molybdenum hydroxylase, aldehyde oxidase. In the present study th...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Homovanillamine is a biogenic amine that it is catalyzed to homovanillyl aldehyde by monoamine oxidase A and B, but the oxidation of its aldehyde to the acid derivative is usually ascribed to aldehyde dehydrogenase and a potential contribution of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase is usually ignored. METHODS The present investigation examines the metabolism of homovanillami...

OBJECTIVE To study the intracellular pathways which mediate the inhibitory actions of adenosine on isoprenaline-stimulated calcium current (ICa) in atrioventricular (AV) nodal myocytes. METHODS The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record ICa from rabbit AV nodal cells, isolated by enzymatic and mechanical dispersion. RESULTS Isoprenaline, 0.1 microM, increased peak ICa from 0.58...

The influence of dietary protein on the activity of rat liver xanthine oxidase has been studied by several workers (l-5) and would point to a relationship between the availability of amino acids and the activity of liver xanthine oxidase (2). It has been demonstrated that the loss of liver xanthine oxidase activity in the rat greatly exceeds the loss of liver protein during acute inanition (l),...

BACKGROUND Maintenance of ovarian homeostasis requires precise regulation of proliferation of thecal- interstitial (T-I) cells. Recent evidence indicates that oxidative stress and antioxidants modulate proliferation of various tissues under both physiological and pathological conditions. This study evaluated the effects of oxidative stress and antioxidants on T-I proliferation. METHODS Rat T-...