Accumulating evidence indicates that nutrition can modulate the immune system through metabolites, either produced by host digestion or microbiota metabolism. In this review, we focus on dietary metabolites are agonists of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor, initially characterized for its interaction with xenobiotic pollutants. Numerous studies have...

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene superfamily comprises a large group of hemoproteins with diverse functions in steroid, lipid, and xenobiotic metabolism. The human genome is estimated to contain 57 genes that encode functional CYP proteins, a number of which are important for the metabolism of foreign chemicals, including carcinogens and most therapeutic drugs. Given that metabolic interactions a...

This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org The pregnane X receptor (PXR; also known as steroid and xenobiotic receptor, or SXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by xenobiotics as well as diverse sterols and their metabolites ( 1–3 ). In the past decade, the role of PXR as a sensor that coordinately regulates xenobiotic clearance in the liver and intestine has been clearly est...