Previous theoretical studies of calamitic (i.e., rod-like) ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) based on an effective one-species model led to indications a novel smectic-A phase with layer spacing being much larger than the length mesogenic liquid-crystal forming) ions. In order rule out possibility that this wide is merely artifact caused by approximation, we investigate extension which accounts expl...

We measured the fluorescence intensity of DNA-bound fluorescent dyes YO-PRO-1 (oxazole yellow) and YOYO-1 (dimer of oxazole yellow) at various spermidine concentrations to determine how counterions on DNA are exchanged in the process of DNA condensation. A decrease of fluorescence intensity was observed with an increase of spermidine. Considering the chemical equilibrium under the competition b...

polyethylene glycol was easily grafted to silica gel and used as a solid–liquid phase transfer catalyst in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. this silica-grafted polyethylene glycol is proved to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding aromatic amines with zinc powder in water. the reduction reactions proceeded efficiently with excellen...

cationic copolymer gels of acrylamide and [(methacrylamido) propyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (maptac) were synthesized by free radical aqueous solution polymerization. the taguchi method, a robust experimental design, was employed for the optimization of the synthesis based on the equilibrium swelling capacity of the hydrogels. based on taguchi method a standard l16 orthogonal array with fiv...

New chiral BINOL-based phosphate counterions have been synthesized, fully characterized, and employed in the enantioselective gold-catalyzed dearomatization of β-naphthols with allenamides. A range densely functionalized C1-allylated naphthalenones were realized under mild conditions high levels chemo-, regio- stereoselectivity (ee up to 95 %).

Permanently crosslinked polyelectrolyte gels are known to undergo discontinuous first-order volume phase transitions, the onset of which may be caused by a number of factors. In this study we examine the volumetric properties of such polyelectrolyte gels in relation to the progressive substitution of monovalent counterions by divalent counterions as the gels are equilibrated in solvents of diff...