In many situations people need to mentally adopt the (spatial) perspective of other persons, an ability that is referred to as "Level 2 perspective taking." Its underlying processes have been ascribed to mental self-rotation that can be dissociated from mental object-rotation. Recent findings suggest that perspective taking/self-rotation may not require central capacity. By using the psychologi...

The psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm is a dominant research tool in the literature on dual-task performance. In this paradigm a first and second component task (i.e., Task 1 and Task 2) are presented with variable stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) and priority to perform Task 1. The main indicator of dual-task impairment in PRP situations is an increasing Task 2-RT with decreasin...

Four reaction time experiments examined the mental rotation process using a psychological refractory period paradigm. On each trial, participants made speeded responses to both a tone (S1) and a rotated letter (S2), presented with varying stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). If mental rotation of the stimulus letter can proceed while central mechanisms are busy with S1, then the effect of orient...

We present a new methodology to derive faster composite operations of the form dP + Q, where d is a small integer ≥ 2, for generic ECC scalar multiplications over prime fields. In particular, we present an efficient Doubling-Addition (DA) operation that can be exploited to accelerate most scalar multiplication methods, including multiscalar variants. We also present a new precomputation scheme ...

Publicly owned companies, their officers and major investors are required to file regular disclosures with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). To improve accessibility to these public documents, the SEC began developed the EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval) electronic disclosure system. This system provides ready, free access to all electronic filings made since...

Rhines and Huybers (1) are correct that the decreasing number of measurement stations in recent years contributed slightly to our calculated increase of extreme summer mean temperature anomalies (2). However, the increased frequency of extreme heat anomalies is accounted for mainly by (i) higher mean temperature of recent decades relative to the base period 1951–1980, and (ii) the continuing up...

Correspondence Because of heavy pressure on our space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short. SIR,-During the decade 1951-60 there were 21 deaths in England and Wales due to smallpox. In the same period there were 27 deaths, most of them infants, attributed to post-vaccinal encephalitis as well as a score or so deaths from other fatal complications of smallpox vaccination. As Pro...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial patterns of motor neuron disease (MND) in Spain. METHODS We studied data where MND was stated as the principal cause of death in official statistics from Spain. Time trends were analysed for age-, sex-specific and age-adjusted rates for the period 1951-1990. Age-adjusted mortality and relative risk, obtained by Po...