The bulge is a region of the Galaxy which is of tremendous interest for understanding Galaxy formation. However, measuring photometry and kinematics in it raises several inherent issues, like high extinction in the visible and severe crowding. Here we attempt to estimate the problem of the visibility of the bulge at optical wavelengths, where large CCD mosaics allow to easily cover wide regions...

We present an R = 45,000 Keck spectrum of the microlensed Galactic bulge G-dwarf OGLE-2006-BLG-265, which has high (∼ 60) signal-to-noise ratio despite its short (15 min) exposure time because the source was magnified by A ∼ 135. While it is very metal-rich ([Fe/H]=0.56), the higher temperature of this star compared with the luminous red giants usually measured in the bulge gives its spectrum m...

account of the initial descriptions of the bulge is given by Stöhr [8] . Stöhr provides a long list of publications mentioning the bulge and briefly discusses an alleged first description by the famous Austrian dermatologist Ferdinand von Hebra [11] . However, in the publication in question, Hebra merely reports a thickening of the hair follicle root sheath in lichenoid lesions; he does not emp...

There is now strong evidence that the metal-rich globular clusters (GC) near the center of our Galaxy are associated with the Galactic bulge rather than the disk as previously thought. Here we extend the concept of bulge GCs to the GC systems of nearby spiral galaxies. In particular, the kinematic and metallicity properties of the GC systems favor a bulge rather than a disk origin. The number o...

Trinucleotide bulges in RNA commonly occur in nature. Yet, little data exists concerning the thermodynamic parameters of this motif. Algorithms that predict RNA secondary structure from sequence currently attribute a constant free energy value of 3.2 kcal/mol to all trinucleotide bulges, regardless of bulge sequence. To test the accuracy of this model, RNA duplexes that contain frequent natural...

It has been thought that narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies are likely to be in the early stages of the evolution of active galaxies. To test this suggestion, the ratios of the central massive black hole (MBH) mass to the bulge mass (Mbh/Mbulge) were estimated for 22 Narrow Line AGNs (NL AGNs). It is found that NL AGNs appear to have genuinely lower MBH/Bulge mass ratio (Mbh/Mbulge). The mean log(M...

BACKGROUND Abdominal bulge after retroperitoneal dissection occurs at a rate of 1% to 56%. Injury to the T11 and T12 nerves is thought to result in abdominal musculature denervation, laxity, and symptomatic abdominal bulge. This complication has become more prevalent because the retroperitoneal approach for spinal surgery has become the preferred approach in specific lumbar and thoracic cases. ...

The Drosophila gene argos encodes a diffusible protein that acts as a negative regulator of cell fate decisions. To define interacting gene products, we performed a genetic analysis of argos, which suggests the presence of several partially redundant gene functions in its immediate vicinity at the chromosomal position 73A. Dose titration experiments have identified two of these loci. One of the...

We study gravitational lensing by spiral galaxies, using realistic models consisting of halo, disk, and bulge components combined to produce a flat rotation curve. Proper dynamical normalization of the models is critical because a disk requires less mass than a spherical halo to produce the same rotation curve—a face-on Mestel disk has a lensing cross section only 41% as large as a singular iso...

The Milky Way has a barred bulge. This article summarizes the current understanding of the main structural parameters and pattern speed of the bar, and compares predicted values for the microlensing optical depth with the bulge microlensing observations.