Record low growing degree days and suboptimal growing conditions for corn in 2009 significantly delayed corn dry down and harvest in much of Wisconsin. As a result, near optimal environmental conditions (frost before full maturity) were present in the fall of 2009 for field mold growth. Field molds indentified on corn in the fall of 2009 by the University of Wisconsin Department of Plant Pathol...

Zearalenone (Zen) is an oestrogenic mycotoxin produced by several Fusarium species in cereals. It induces modifications of haematological parameters in rats with cytotoxicity and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis (nucleic acids and protein). Zen and its metabolites have oestrogenic and anabolic activities and interact with human oestrogen receptors. Zen and its metabolites showed a positiv...

Introduction: Zearalenone is a mycotoxin compound produced mainly by the Fusarium species of fungi which is present in several types of foods. T he purpose of this study was to determine the zearalenone in raw animal origin food produced in North-West of Iran . Materials and methods: From June to December 2012, a total of 210 samples (containing 70 raw milk, 70 meat and 70 liver) were obtai...

Feeding experiments with diets containing Fusarium toxin-contaminated wheat were conducted to clarify the pathogenesis of immunological effects of Fusarium toxins to porcine spleen cells. Contaminated diets were fed to 36 Landrace prepubertal gilts for 35 d. Concentrations (as-fed basis) of the indicator toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON), respectively, were 210 and 4 (control--g...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17beta-estradiol, 17beta-est...

Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Studentų 11, LT-53361 Kaunas, Akademija, Lithuania. E-mail: [email protected] The article deals with investigation of micromycetes detected on oats grown for food and fodder under climatic conditions of Lithuania. Attention is focused on the oat varieties that are popular in Lithuania and whose grain is used for producing oat flakes and other products...

The homothallic ascomycete fungus Gibberella zeae (anamorph: Fusarium graminearum) is a major toxigenic plant pathogen that causes head blight disease on small-grain cereals. The fungus produces the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) in infected hosts, posing a threat to human and animal health. Despite its agricultural and toxicological importance, the molecular mechanisms u...

The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on plant metabolites of mycotoxins, also called masked mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to human and animals. Toxigenic fungi often grow on edible plants, thus contaminating food and feed. Plants, as living organisms, can alter the chemical structure of mycotoxins as part of their d...

An analytical method using two solid phase extractions and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the identification and quantification of 14 mycotoxins (patulin, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2), M(1), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, zearalenone, fumonisins B(1), B(2), B(3), and ochratoxin A) in domestic and impo...

In food/feed control, mycotoxin analysis is often still performed "one analyte at a time". Here a method is presented which aims at making mycotoxin analysis environmentally friendlier through replacing acetonitrile by ethyl acetate and reducing chemical waste production by analyzing four mycotoxins together, forgoing sample extract clean-up, and minimizing solvent consumption. For this, 2 g of...