Abstract The metastable behavior of the fill factor temperature coefficient (β FF,rel ) in Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 solar cells is investigated for absorbers with a different Ga content front surface, and buffer materials. buffer/absorber interface region suggested to be location which causes metastability β . Temperature dependent current–voltage curves, light‐biased external quantum efficiency, low ...

We consider the model Zi = Xi + εi for i.i.d. Xi’s and εi’s and independent sequences (Xi)i∈N and (εi)i∈N. The density of ε is assumed to be known whereas the one of X1 denoted by g is unknown. Our aim is to study the estimation of linear functionals of g, 〈ψ, g〉 for a known function ψ. We propose a general estimator of 〈ψ, g〉 and study the rate of convergence of its quadratic risk in function ...

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are synthesized with the assistance of water vapor in a horizontal reactor using methane over Co-Mo/MgO catalyst through chemical vapor deposition method. The application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique for modeling the effect of important parameters (i.e. temperature, reaction time and amount of H2O vapor) on the qualit...

BACKGROUND To investigate whether light exposure was associated with objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in young people. METHODS Participants (n=229, 46.7% female) were young people (mean 8.8 years [SD±2.2]) from the borough of Camden, UK. Daily sedentary time, moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) and light exposure were measured using a tri-axial accelerometer wit...

The magnetic anisotropy is decreased with increasing temperature in normal magnetic materials, which is harmful to the thermal stability of magnetic devices. Here, we report the realization of positive temperature coefficient of magnetic anisotropy in a novel composite combining β-phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with magnetostrictive materials (magnetostrictive film/PVDF bilayer structure)...

Industrial apprenticeship experience has not been realized optimally towards student work readiness. So that the process of factualization and comparing theoretical knowledge with actual situations conditions in world becomes less than optimal. In addition, students' motivation to be ready is still low category. This study aims reveal effect internship on The sampling technique used simple rand...

in this paper, unsteady two phase simulation of nanofluid flow and heat transfer between moving parallel plates, in presence of the magnetic field is studied. the significant effects of thermophoresis and brownian motion have been contained in the model of nanofluid flow. the three governing equations are solved simultaneously via galerkin method. comparison with other works indicates that this...

We consider a multidimensional diffusion X with drift coefficient b(Xt, α) and diffusion coefficient εa(Xt, β) where α and β are two unknown parameters, while ε is known. For a high-frequency sample of observations of the diffusion at the time points k/n, k = 1, . . . , n, we propose a class of contrast functions and thus obtain estimators of (α, β). The estimators are shown to be consistent an...