The significance of bacterial RNA recognition for initiating innate immune responses against invading pathogens has only recently started to be elucidated. Bacterial RNA is an important trigger of inflammasome activation, resulting in caspase-1-dependent cleavage of pro-IL-1β into the active form. It was reported previously that prolonged treatment with IFN-γ can inhibit IL-1β production at the...

IFN-γ has a central role in the defense against infections and cancer. More recently, however, IFN-γ has also been reported to have immunosuppressive effects in models of autoimmune disease, melanoma, and premalignant skin disease. Although IL-12 and IL-18 are critical inducers of IFN-γ during infection, the mechanisms that induce IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive context are unknown. Previously, w...

INTRODUCTION The lacrimal gland (LG) of the CD25-/- model of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has high interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokines. The specific contribution of these cytokines to the onset and severity of dacryoadenitis in the CD25-/- mice has not been evaluated. METHODS CD25-/-IL-17A-/-, CD25-/-IL-17-/-IFN-γ-/- and CD25-/-IFN-γ-/- were used at 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks...

Abstract Background Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a kind of chronic inflammatory disease characterized by highly abnormal immune system. This study aimed to detect the serum levels Th (T helper) cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IFN-γ and TNF-α) in cSLE healthy controls, then elucidate their association with clinical ma...

conclusions the assessment of plasma il-10 levels in chronic hepatitis b acute exacerbation may provide an early predictive marker for progression to hbv-aclf. results il-4, il-12p70 and ifn-γ were undetectable; il-1β, il-6, il-8, il-10 and tnf-α levels were significantly higher than in nc. moreover, cytokines reached the highest levels in acute exacerbation of chb, with the exception of il-2 a...

To determine serum cytokine profiles in Graves' disease (GD) patients with or without active and inactive thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), we recruited 65 subjects: 10 GD only (without TAO), 25 GD + active TAO, 20 GD + TAO, and 10 healthy controls. Liquid chip assay was used to measure serum Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines including IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), ...

Protective immunity against tuberculosis (TB) requires the integrated response of a network of lymphocytes. Both gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- and interleukin 17 (IL-17)-secreting CD4(+) T cells have been identified in subjects with latent TB infection and during experimental Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the contribution of Th17 cells to protective immunity is unclear. To examine their...

background: discriminating latent tuberculosis infection (ltbi) from active tbi may be challenging. the objective of this study was to produce the recombinant l-alanine dehydrogenase (aladh) antigen and evaluate individuals with ltbi, those with active tbi, and uninfected individuals by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (elispot) in order to distinguish ltbi from active tbi. methods: this explorat...

CD4 T cells acquire functional properties including cytokine production upon antigenic stimulation through the T cell receptor (TCR) and differentiate into T helper (Th) cells. Th1 cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ and Th2 cells produce interleukin (IL)-4. Th1 and 2 cells utilize IFN-γ and IL-4 for further maturation and maintenance, respectively. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF)-expres...

interleukin (il)-17 is exclusively produced by cd4 helper t-cells upon activation. it most often acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines il-6, il-8, tnf-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). in this study, we studied the in-vitro il-17 response to specific antigens and a variety of mitogens and compared the il-1...