The primary aim of this study was to measure HIV-1 persistence following combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in infants and children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) HIV-1 DNA was quantified prior to and after 1 year of cART in 30 children, stratified by time of initiation (early, age <3 months, ET; late, age >3 months-2 years, LT). Pre-therapy PBMC HIV-1 DNA levels correlated wi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise recent published literature about factors associated with cancer risk likely to be influenced by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-infected individuals, and the potential of earlier cART initiation to reduce this risk. RECENT FINDINGS Factors leading to increased risk of non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADMs) in particular remain poorly ...

The multifunctional neuropeptide Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) is secreted from hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland and pancreas. It also can be found in circulatory system. This feature suggests a general role for CART in different cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that CART protects mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cellular proteins and lipids against the oxidativ...

BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the current strategy to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. Women initiated on cART should continue taking treatment life-long or stop after cessation of breastfeeding depending on their CD4 cell count or on their World Health Organization (WHO) staging. Keeping people living with HIV on treatment is essential for the succ...

BACKGROUND Few published studies have considered both the short- and long-term virologic or immunologic response to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and the impact of different cART strategies. PURPOSE To compare time to initial virologic (<500 copies/mL) or immunologic (>200/mm3 cell increase) response in antiretroviral-naïve patients starting either a single protease inhibitor (PI;...

This paper deals with variable selection in regression and binary classification frameworks. It proposes an automatic and exhaustive procedure which relies on the use of the CART algorithm and on model selection via penalization. This work, of theoretical nature, aims at determining adequate penalties, i.e. penalties which allow achievement of oracle type inequalities justifying the performance...

The study objective was to evaluate the usefulness of Classification and Regression Trees (CART), to classify clinical responders to antidepressant and placebo treatment, utilizing symptom severity and quantitative EEG (QEEG) data. Patients included 51 adults with unipolar depression who completed treatment trials using either fluoxetine, venlafaxine or placebo. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale...

Understanding the functions of the widely expressed PCs (prohormone/proprotein convertases), including PC5/6, furin and PACE4 (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme 4), in animal models is difficult since individual knockouts of these PCs in mice exhibit early embryonic lethality. To investigate the roles of PC5/6 in processing pro-CART (pro-cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), an ...

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is present in a subset of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat. We examined the distribution of CART-immunoreactive terminals in rat stellate and superior cervical ganglia and adrenal gland and found that they surround neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive postganglionic neurons and noradrenergic chromaffin cells. The targets of CART-i...

19 20 21 Running title: Carcinine transport in histamine recycling 22 23 24 25 Abstract 28 Synaptic transmission from Drosophila photoreceptors to lamina neurons requires 29 recycling of histamine neurotransmitter. Synaptic histamine is cleared by uptake into glia and 30 conversion into carcinine, which functions as transport metabolite. How carcinine is transported 31 from glia to photorecepto...