The secreted colonization factor, TcpF, which is produced by Vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139, has generated interest as a potential protective antigen in the development of a subunit vaccine against cholera. This study evaluated immunogenicity/protective efficacy of a TcpF holotoxin-like chimera (TcpF-A2-CTB) following intraperitoneal immunization compared to TcpF alone, a TcpF+CTB mixture, or CTB ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune responses to intranasal and intrapulmonary vaccinations with the attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) 168 strain in the local respiratory tract in pigs. Twenty-four pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups: an intranasal immunization group, an intrapulmonary immunization group, an intramuscular immunization group and a control group. The lev...

Neonatalis is birth before 28 days of a baby. Factors that are considered to affect neonatal mortality include the number visits in 1st and 3 rd trimester, pregnant women receiving Tetanus Diptheria Immunization, estimated infants with complications, Hepatitis B Immunization for less than 24 hours, BCG 1 visits. Neonatal still very rare so right analysis used, namely Negative Binomial Regressio...

BACKGROUND The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is still in need of improvement. In Burkina Faso in 2003, for example, the Nouna health district had an immunization coverage rate of 31.5%, compared to the national rate of 52%. This study identifies specific factors associated with immunization status in Nouna health district in order to advance improved intervention strategies in this dis...

BACKGROUND Adolescent immunization rates remain low. Hence, a better understanding of the factors that influence adolescent immunization is needed. OBJECTIVE To assess the adolescent immunization practices of US physicians. DESIGN AND SETTING A 24-item survey mailed in 1997 to a national sample of 1480 pediatricians and family physicians living in the United States, randomly selected from t...

This report is a revision of General Recommendations on Immunization and updates the 1994 statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (CDC. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-1]:1-38). The principal changes include expansion of the discussion of vaccination spacing and ...

BACKGROUND Chiropractors have expressed both pro- and anti-vaccination opinions. PURPOSE We explored the interest of Alberta chiropractors in participating in immunization awareness and promoting activities. METHODS Data were collected in a cross-sectional postal survey (response rate: 78.2%, 503 respondents) in 2002. Participants indicated their interests in a close-ended checklist of seve...

background: rhipicephalus ( boophilus ) annulatus tick is one of the most important ectoparasite of cattle. re­cently, several laboratories in the world have been concentrated on immunizing cattle against tick using various types of tissue extracts of ticks. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immunization of cattle with tick salivary gland extract on biological parameters of ti...

OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of enforcing immunization certificate check before children enroll in primary schools or kindergartens in Guizhou Province. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative studies were conducted. The multi-stage and cluster sampling approach was adopted for the quantitative part of the study. A questionnaire was designed and 996 children and their keepers were intervie...