background: recent circumstantial evidences are suggesting that an increasing number of iranian patients with cu­taneous leishmaniasis are unresponsive to meglumine antimoniate (glucantime®). pistacia atlantica is native plant in iran (central, western, and eastern regions). gum obtained pistacia atlantica has been reported to possess consid­erable in vitro antimicrobial activity. in this study...

The distribution of Arioge germainii and Encedonia mutica is reviewed discussed. Some corrections are made on previous known localities for A. a new record from Maule Region in Chile provided. first specific locality data E. provided, with records Araucanía region Neuquén Province Argentina.

The skink Trachylepis atlantica is endemic to the Fernando de Noronha archipelago. Although this species abundant in archipelago, it increasingly threatened by invasive species, predation, and anthropic interference. However, little known about its natural history. Here we report on territory use, male-male combat, mating behaviour of freeranging T. atlantica. During dry season, observed two bo...

Comparative genome hybridization of the Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica populations have shown that genome content is highly conserved, with relatively few genes in the F. tularensis subsp. tularensis genome being absent in other F. tularensis subspecies. To determine if organization of the genome differs between global populations of F. tularensis s...

Review of Ferreira, A. (ed.) (2020). Atlantica. Contemporary Art from Mozambique and its Diaspora . Lisbon: Hangar Books, 265 pp.

The conversion of pyruvate to lactate is a key feature of lactococcal strains. The enzyme which facilitates this conversion, L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the gene which encodes it (Idh), are therefore of great significance. This paper presents the cloning and DNA sequence analysis of three further lactococcal genes which are of key importance in the genetic manipulation of commercial star...

The phylogenetically related Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides biotype Large Colony are two small-ruminant pathogens involved in contagious agalactia. Their respective contributions to clinical outbreaks are not well documented, because they are difficult to differentiate with the current diagnostic techniques. In order to identify DNA sequences specific to...

The two subspecies of Francisella tularensis, F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) and F. tularensis subsp. palaearctica (type B), differ from each other in biochemistry and virulence. Strains of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis are believed to be confined to North America, whereas strains of F. tularensis subsp. palaearctica occur in Europe, in Asia, and in North America. Moreover, the exis...

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically very similar organisms; however, they differ markedly in their virulence for cattle. We evaluated the capacity of bovine macrophages infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium subsp. avium to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antige...