A piece of user equipment (UE), typically, has access to multiple radio technologies (RATS). Moreover, apart from the standard primary cellular network, secondary networks can assist network in downlink UE communications. In this way, data reach through entities. This paper exploits entities’ idea by proposing a cross-layer scheme that combines improve block error rate (BLER) and throughput. Fo...

Data communication between nodes is carried out under Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol which is defined at data link layer. The MAC protocols are responsible to communicate and coordinate between nodes according to the defined standards in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks). The design of a MAC protocol should also address the issues of energy efficiency and transmission efficiency. There are n...

Efficient MAC protocol has been paramount importance for improving the performance of WSN. In this paper, Boarder Node Medium Access Control (BN-MAC) mobility aware hybrid protocol is introduced for WSN. BNMAC controls overhearing, idle listening and congestion problem to save energy. BN-MAC mechanism is based on novel semi synchronous low duty cycle that takes less time for accessing channel a...

Previous studies have demonstrated that fluoroquinolone area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratios of 30 to 50 are sufficient to eradicate pneumococci from in vitro pharmacokinetic models (IVPMs). However, more systematic studies of the impact of AUC/MIC ratios on the antipneumococcal activities of fluoroquinolones are needed. In the present study, a two-compartment IVPM was used to evaluate the imp...

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16 clinical isolates of Desulfovibrio spp. were determined. All or most isolates were susceptible to imipenem (MIC(90) [MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited], 0.5 microg/ml), metronidazole (MIC(90), 0.25 microg/ml), clindamycin (MIC(90), 4 microg/ml), and chloramphenicol (MIC(90), 16 microg/ml) but were resistant or intermediate to penicil...