Female genital mutilation (FGM), female genital cutting, or female circumcision of women, the theme addressed in this special issue has many terms. The short form acronym FGM is understood by most, and it does contain the notion that we are talking about a traditional practice that is harmful. The practice affects women in diaspora as well as African countries, and men are involved as decision ...

The practice of female genital mutilation (we will use the latest definition adopted by WHO/UNFP: female genital mutilation/cutting or FGM/C) is still widespread in 28 African countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that more than two million females undergo some form of genital mutilation every year. Its negative health impact and its ethical and human rights aspects have been...

With the proliferation of online resources, there is an increasing need to effectively and efficiently retrieve data and knowledge from distributed geospatial databases. One of the key challenges of this problem is the fact that geospatial databases are usually large and dynamic. In this paper, we address this problem by developing a large scale distributed intelligent foraging, gathering and m...

Methods to represent and exchange parts consisting of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) for Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) with Local Composition Control (LCC) are evaluated based on their memory requirements. Data structures for representing FGM objects as heterogeneous models are described and analyzed, including a voxel-based structure, finite-element mesh-based approach, and the extensio...

BACKGROUND Females' genital mutilation (FGM) is one of the harmful traditional practices affecting the health of women and children. It has a long-term physiological, sexual and psychological effect on women. It remains still a serious problem for large proportion of women in most sub-Saharan Africa countries including Ethiopia. METHODS A community based cross sectional study design which is ...

Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) parts are heterogeneous objects with material composition and microstructure that change gradually into the parts. The distinctive feature of FGM structure gives the possibility of selecting the distribution of properties to achieve the desired functions. Today, multimaterial parts manufactured with additive manufacturing processes are not functional. To move...

An important task in exploring and analyzing real-world data sets is to detect unusual and interesting phenomena. In this paper, we study the group anomaly detection problem. Unlike traditional anomaly detection research that focuses on data points, our goal is to discover anomalous aggregated behaviors of groups of points. For this purpose, we propose the Flexible Genre Model (FGM). FGM is des...

In this paper, we provide a unified and self-consistent treatment of a functionally graded material (FGM) microbeam with varying thermal conductivity subjected to non-uniform or uniform temperature field. Specifically, it is our objective to determine the effect of the microscopic size of the beam, the electrostatic gap, the temperature field and material property on the pull-in voltage of the ...

The Steady state creep behaviour of a functionally graded cylinder made of isotropic composite containing varying distribution of silicon carbide particles has been investigated by a mathematical model. The creep behaviour of the FGM is described by a Norton's Power law. The effect of varying distribution of SiCP particles of creep stresses and creep rates in the FGM cylinder has been anal...

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) occurs mainly in Africa, parts of the Arabian Peninsula and parts of Asia. It is commonly associated with acute complications as well as diverse late/delayed complications. One of the most common of these late complications is progressively enlarging painless cysts of the vulva. Case Report: An 8-year-old girl from Eritrea presented to our paediatric ...