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This paper presents solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problem of a power system via an Ant Colony Optimization Meta-heuristic method. The objective is to minimize the total fuel cost of thermal generating units and also conserve an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real and reactive power outputs, bus voltages, shunt capacitors/reactors, transformers tap-setting a...

Abstract The handling and storage of the spent fuel from current nuclear power reactors is one major ecological challenges in front energy industry, due to its long period high radiotoxicity. It mainly caused by long-lived minor actinides generated fuel. Therefore profound study possibilities for shortening terms fuels some radioactive waste through currently available technologies necessary. p...

The plasma shielding effect is a well-known mechanism in laser-produced plasmas (LPPs) reducing laser photon transmission to the target and, as a result, significantly reducing target heating and erosion. The shielding effect is less pronounced at low laser intensities, when low evaporation rate together with vapour/plasma expansion processes prevent establishment of a dense plasma layer above ...