BACKGROUND Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an attractive method of measuring pediatric body composition in the field, but the applicability of existing equations to diverse populations has been questioned. OBJECTIVE The objectives were to evaluate the performance of 13 published pediatric BIA-based predictive equations for total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) and to refit ...

The potential of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) for assessing nutritional status in spaceflight was tested in two head-down-tilt bed-rest studies. BIS-predicted extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW) measured using knee-elbow electrode placement were compared with deuterium and bromide dilution (DIL) volumes in healthy, 19- to 45-yr-old subj...

概要 諸種 内分 泌疾患 々者についてtotal exchangeable sodium (Nae)お よびpotassium (Ke)を 測定 し,得 た成績 をtotal body water (TBW)か ら算出 したlean body massと の関連 において比較 した. 原発性 アル ドス テロ ン症ではNaeは 著増 し, Keは 減少 していた.一 方続発性 アル ドステ ロン症を伴な つた腎尿 細管 性 アシ ドージスでは, Naeお よびTBWの 増加は な くKeは 著減 していた. Cushing症 候 群 ではKeは 減少 していた. Addison病 では予想 されたNaeの 減少, Keの 増加 はみ られなかつた.褐 色 細胞腫 ではNae, Keお よびTBWは いずれ も正常 であつた.甲 状線機能亢 進症 ではNae増 加, Ke減 少 の傾 ...

A previous study on 339 patients attending a gastrointestinal unit suggested that patients with duodenal ulcer could be divided into two types.1 2 The distinction was based on maximal acid secretion and apparent differences in the prevalence of several clinical features, particularly family history, bleeding and perforation, and ABO blood grouping. In a further series of two groups of 100 patie...

<p class="abstract">Olecranon fractures are often operative when displaced over 2 mm, but the most stable fixation construct is debated. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview biomechanical properties commonly used surgical fixations olecranon fractures. This systematic review included 13 studies comparing displacement during cyclic loading fixated with either tension band w...

Human multisensory systems are known to bind inputs from the different sensory modalities into a unified percept, a process that leads to measurable behavioral benefits. This integrative process can be observed through multisensory illusions, including the McGurk effect and the sound-induced flash illusion, both of which demonstrate the ability of one sensory modality to modulate perception in ...

We carried out a retrospective investigation on the effect of obesity on dexmedetomidine (DEX) requirements when administered with fentanyl (FEN) during mechanical ventilation after major surgeries. After Institutional Review Board approval, 14 obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and the same number of non-obese patients with similar backgrounds to the obese patients were s...

The current recommendations for intravenous (i.v.) acyclovir dosing in obese patients suggest using ideal body weight (IBW) rather than total body weight (TBW). To our knowledge, no pharmacokinetic analysis has validated this recommendation. This single-dose pharmacokinetic study was conducted in an inpatient oncology population. Enrollment was conducted by 1:1 matching of obese patients (>190%...

In phocid seals, the transition to nutritional independence is abrupt, with females abandoning their offspring after weaning and returning to sea. We hypothesized that body size at weaning may play an important role in the nature of this transition. We studied the changes in body composition and water flux of newly weaning harbour seals over the first 4-6 wk postweaning. Thirty-three pups were ...

Objective. To compare body composition parameters in short children with severe versus moderate and no growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Design and Method. 61 children (40 boys) were studied. Height SDS, BMI Z-score, waist/height ratio (W/HtR), and body composition parameters (BIA) as fat tissue (FAT%), fat-free mass (FFM%), predicted muscle mass (PMM%), and total body water (TBW%) were evaluate...