Introduction: Crosstalk is a leakage of X-ray or light produced in a matrix of X-ray detectors or array of photodiodes in one element to other elements affecting on image contrast and spatial resolution. In this study, we assessed X-ray crosstalk in a computed tomography (CT) scanner with small detector elements to estimate the effect of various parameters such as X-ray tube voltage, detector e...

dutch elm disease is one of the most destructive and common plant vascular diseases now which isknown as a global problem. the aim of this study was comparison of early- and late-wood vesselsdiameter and ray dimensions. in 4 species: ulmus carpinifolia, zelkova carpinifolia, ulmus glabra andceltis australis from ulmaceae. then, very thin transversal sections were prepared and after differentsta...

This paper presents the theoretical basis of the fireball/blast wave model, and some implications of recent results on GRB source models and cosmic-ray production from GRBs. BATSE observations of the prompt γ-ray luminous phase, and Beppo-SAX and long wavelength afterglow observations of GRBs are briefly summarized. Derivation of spectral and temporal indices of an adiabatic blast wave decelera...

X-ray emission can provide a crucial diagnostic of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We calculate the X-ray and gamma-ray spectra of impulsive acceleration episodes related to GRB pulses. We use the synchrotron shock model (SSM) as a basis of our calculations. We show that the current data on soft-to-hard emission ratios of GRB pulse emission are in agreement with the SSM. In particular, GRB pulse emiss...