http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.013 2352-3964/Crown Copyright © 2016 Published by Elsevie Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD) are a group of disorders that originate from the trophoblast, which is the outer layer of the blastocyst that normally gives rise to the placenta and is the first tissue to differentiate from the developing embryos after implantation. The human chorionic g...

Masaharu Fukunaga, M.D. Department of Pathology, the Jikei University Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan Hydatidiform moles With the increased use of ultrasound hydatidiform mole (HM) is being diagnosed at increasingly early stages of gestation. As villous edema is not fully developed, we cannot make a diagnosis of HM by macroscopic observation. Furthermore, microscopically the classic features of c...

Gestational trophoblastic disease is a spectrum of placental disorders ranging from benign molar pregnancies to the neoplastic conditions such as invasive mole and choriocarcinoma. These patients are identified early due to markedly elevated hCG levels and characteristic ultrasound findings. Uterine evacuation is the recommended treatment, while chemotherapy can be reserved for patients with re...

This paper discusses development of physics-based models for bistatic scattering. We generalize parametric equations for monostatic scattering mechanisms in a plane to achieve analogous bistatic approximations. Combination of these mechanisms, as separable azimuth and elevation components, allows 3-D modelling of six scattering primitives: sphere, tophat, trihedral, dihedral, cylinder, and flat...

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a pregnancy disorder due to an abnormality of the placenta, such as enlargement chorionic villi. The spectrum GTD may range from benign malignant. Characteristics gestational have been discussed in literature. This study characteristics that resulted previous studies and relationship those disease. results this revealed there were five national referra...

Esca is a grapevine trunk disease (GTD) associated with different pathogenic fungi inhabiting the woody tissues. Bacteria can also be found in such tissues and they may interact with these fungal colonizers. Although such types of microbial interactions have been observed for wood diseases in many trees, this has never been studied for grapevine. In this study, the bacterial microflora of diffe...

Clostridium sordellii infections cause gangrene and edema in humans and gastrointestinal infections in livestock. One of the principle virulence factors is TcsL, a large protein toxin which glucosylates host GTPases to cause cytopathic and cytotoxic effects. TcsL has two enzymatic domains, an N-terminal glucosyltransferase domain (GTD) and an autoprocessing domain responsible for release of the...