The monopolist’s incentives towards product and process innovations are evaluated against the social optimum. The main ...ndings are that (i) the incentive to invest in cost-reducing R&D is inversely related to the number of varieties being supplied at equilibrium, under both regimes; (ii) distortions obtain under monopoly, w.r.t. both the number of varieties and the technology. With substitute...

An upstream manufacturer can use minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) to exclude potential competitors. RPM lets the incumbent manufacturer transfer profits to retailers. If entry is accommodated by retailers, upstream competition leads to fierce downstream competition and the breakdown of RPM. Thus, via RPM, retailers internalize the effect of accommodating entry on the incumbent’s profits. ...

The article discusses the concept of work motivation by identification it’s level for getting more clear view about possibilities to improve business performance. presents sociological research methodology focused on longitudinal monitoring three specific indicators performed in Institute Social Technologies at Samara State University (Russian Federation), which is common harmonized EU Program ...

Abstract Using the National Compensation Survey between 2004 and 2017, we document four stylized facts quantify cyclical heterogeneity among performance pay (PP) fixed wage (FW) jobs. First, there is substantial dispersion in incidence of PP, even within same occupation; hourly compensation growth PP jobs has been nearly three-times as large that FW jobs; share increasing employer size; provisi...

background: the immunogenic brucella abortus ribosomal protein l7/l12 is a promising candidate antigen for the development of subunit vaccines against brucellosis. objective: this study was aimed to evaluate the protection of recombinant human serum albumin (has)-l7/l12 fusion protein in balb/c mice. methods: the amplified l7/l12 gene was cloned in pyhsa5 vector, pyhsa5-l7/l12 construct was tra...

This paper studies optimal nonlinear pricing for a monopolist when consumers’ preferences exhibit temptation and self-control as in Gul and Pesendorfer (2001a). Consumers are subject to temptation inside the store but exercise self-control, and those foreseeing large self-control costs do not enter the store. Consumers differ in their preferences under temptation. When all consumers are tempted...

We characterize the product line choice and pricing of a monopolist as the upper envelope of net marginal revenue curves to the individual product demand functions. The equilibrium product varieties to include in a product line are those yielding the highest upper envelope. In a central case (corresponding to a generalized vertical differentiation framework), the equilibrium range of...

A buyer wishes to purchase a good from a seller who chooses a sequence of prices over time. Each period the buyer can also exercise an outside option, abandoning their search or moving on to another seller. We show there is a unique equilibrium in which the seller charges a constant price in every period equal to the monopoly price, contravening the Coase conjecture. We then embed the singlesel...

One of the most important methods employed to measure the market risk is value at risk calculation method. In this study, the value at risk of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and Over-the-counter (OTC) are calculated using parametric model, Monte Carlo simulation, historical simulation and Two-Sided Power (TSP) Distribution. The sample includes all listed banks in Iran. The results sh...

The success of global climate policies over the coming decades depends on the diffusion of ’green’ technologies. This requires that international environmental agreements (IEAs) and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPs) interact productively. Using a simple and tractable model, we highlight the strategic reduction in abatement commitments on account of a hold-up effect. In anticipa...