In optical coherence tomography (OCT), unbiased and low variance Doppler frequency estimators are desirable for blood velocity estimation. Hardware improvements in OCT mean that ever higher acquisition rates are possible. However, it is known that the Kasai autocorrelation estimator, unexpectedly, performs worse as acquisition rates increase. Here we suggest that maximum likelihood estimators (...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate short-term perineal pain among primiparous women after mediolateral episiotomy (MLE) and lateral episiotomy (LE). METHODS The prospective randomized study was conducted in the Czech Republic during 2010-2012. Consecutive primiparous women who gave birth at or after 37 weeks of pregnancy and had indications for an episiotomy were enrolled and randomly assigned to undergo ...

This paper concerns the issue of the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) for the concentration parameters of the von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distributions, which are crucial to directional data analysis. In particular, we study the numerical approximation approach for solving the implicit nonlinear equation arising from building the MLE of the concentration parameter κ of vMF distributions. In addit...

Disturbance model identification is necessary both for estimator design and controller performance monitoring. Here we present a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to identify process and measurement noise covariances. By writing the outputs in terms of the process and measurement noises, we form a normal distribution for the sequence of measurements. The variance of this distribution i...

Malolactic enzymes (MLE) are known to directly convert L-malic acid into L-lactic acid with a catalytical requirement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD (+) ) and Mn ( 2+) ; however, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. To study a MLE, the structural gene from Oenococcus oeni strain DSM 20255 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding 22.9 kU l (-1) fermentation broth...

Increased demand for quinoa as a functional food has resulted in more quinoa-growing areas and initiatives to increase grain production, particularly organic agriculture. Quinoa seeds are superfood with incredible nutritional benefits. They abundant secondary metabolites significant medicinal activity. This report was consequently performed investigate whether Azolla fliculoides (AE) or moringa...

We compare four numerical methods for the prediction of missing values in different datasets [1]. These are 1) hierarchical maximum likelihood estimation (ℋ-MLE), and three machine learning (ML) methods, which include 2) k-nearest neighbors (kNN), 3) random forest, 4) Deep Neural Network (DNN). From ML best results (for considered datasets) were obtained by kNN method with (or seven) neighbors....

BACKGROUND When developing risk models for binary data with small or sparse data sets, the standard maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based logistic regression faces several problems including biased or infinite estimate of the regression coefficient and frequent convergence failure of the likelihood due to separation. The problem of separation occurs commonly even if sample size is large but...

PSA measurements are used to assess the risk for prostate cancer. PSA range and PSA kinetics such as PSA velocity have been correlated with increased cancer detection and assist the clinician in deciding when prostate biopsy should be performed. Our aim is to evaluate the use of a novel, maximum likelihood estimation prostate specific antigen (MLE-PSA) model for predicting the probability of pr...

We study the behavior of the (nonparametric) maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for bivariate censored data. The motivation for doing this was triggered by our interest in the problem of estimating the incubation time distribution of HIV/AIDS. We study the computational and algorithmic aspects of the MLE for bivariate interval censored data, and introduce an algorithm for computing the MLE whic...