The paper investigates the possibility of modeling the highly nonlinear and very complex Sorensen model, [1], of Type 1 diabetic patients using the polytopic LPV modeling possibility. It is illustrated that the LPV model is working correctly only in the considered polytope region, but inside it is approximating well the nonlinear model.

INTRODUCTION STAR/STELLA is a prospective[TS1] cohort of HIV patients initiated on LPV/r-based ART in routine clinical practice. Here, virologic/immunologic outcomes and safety data of LPV/r-based first-line ART over a period of 144 weeks are presented. METHODS Analysis included ART-naïve patients who started on LPV/r before July 2011 (i.e. patients with ≥144 weeks since ART initiation). Safe...

BACKGROUND The main objective is to evaluate the efficacy and durability of lopinavir-ritonavir monotherapy (LPV/r-MT) in virologically controlled HIV-positive individuals switching from combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS Criteria to be included in this observational study were to have initiated for the first time LPV/r-MT after ≥2 consecutive HIV RNA≤50 copies/ml achieved on ...

BACKGROUND Tipranavir (TPV) is a recently approved nonpeptidic protease inhibitor (PI) of HIV-1 and has been indicated for those infected with PIs-resistant HIV-1. However, in clinical practice, whether the HIV-1 from the patients with virological failure to the regimens containing first-line PIs remains susceptible to TPV/r may be questionable. METHODS To assess the resistance levels to TPV ...

BACKGROUND Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/RTV) alone has been evaluated as simplified maintenance therapy for HIV-1 infection, but there are concerns about greater potential for emergence of protease inhibitor (PI) resistance. The OK04 trial evaluated maintenance therapy with LPV/RTV alone versus standard therapy (ST) with two NRTIs plus LPV/RTV in 205 patients, of whom 15 had virological reb...

Maintenance of optimal lopinavir (LPV) concentration is essential for effective antiretroviral therapy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. However, little is known about the effects of inflammation on the pharmacokinetics of this protease inhibitor and drug transporter substrate, particularly during gestation. Our objective was to study the effect of ...

BACKGROUND To identify potential causes and clinical implications of transient increases in plasma viral load (hereafter, "blips"). METHODS M99-056 and M02-418 were prospective, randomized trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) capsules administered twice per day or once per day to subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). Plasma viral lo...

BACKGROUND Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for successful HIV treatment. However, some patients remain virologically suppressed despite suboptimal adherence. We hypothesized that this could result from host genetic factors influencing drug levels. METHODS Eligible individuals were Caucasians treated with efavirenz (EFV) and/or boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) with self-rep...

Antiretroviral treatment simplification strategies based on monotherapy with darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) have not been directly compared in clinical trials. We evaluated the 48-week efficacy and safety of DRV/r versus LPV/r monotherapy as a treatment simplification strategy in a multicenter, randomized open-label study. Maintenance of viral suppression in cerebros...

BACKGROUND Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) monotherapy is used in selected virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. Some would prefer a once-daily (OD) dose instead of the usual twice-daily dose to favour adherence. However, trough concentrations of the drug in blood and particularly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may not be adequate to maintain viral suppression. METHODS Prospective, open-l...