At noon on September 18 th , 2010, the mayor of Munich will kick off Oktoberfest with the traditional ''O'zapft is'' as he taps the first keg of the festival. Over the course of the next 2 weeks, more than six million people will celebrate the 200 th anniversary of Oktoberfest by savoring roasted chicken, juicy weisswurst, and giant pretzels. But, most importantly, there will be beer—enough bee...

Beer is a popular beverage all over the world. It has been established many times that the moderate consumption of beer exerts favourable influences on human’s health such as nutritional benefits, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects, reduction of cardiovascular diseases, hypolipidemic effect, stimulation of immune system, anti-osteoporosis effect and the reduction of the risk of dement...

Visual appearance (e.g., color) cues set expectations regarding the likely taste and flavor properties of food and drink. These expectations may, in turn, anchor the subsequent tasting experience. In the present study, we examined the influence of the color of a beer on the consumer's experience. Dark and pale beers were evaluated both before and after tasting. Importantly, these beers were ind...

In 2006, De Beers Consolidated Diamond Mines in South Africa entered into a partnership with the Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communications to implement an HIV and AIDS Community Training Partnership Program (CTPP), initially in five diamond mining areas in three provinces of South Africa. The aim of CTPP was to improve HIV knowledge and to contribute to positive behavior cha...

Macrobrewers initially responded to the rapid growth of craft beer segment by product differentiation: offering versions their own “craft beer.” When this proved unsuccessful, they began acquiring independent brewers. We examine consequences Anheuser-Busch InBev’s acquisition Goose Island. find large gains in sales for brewers post-acquisition, which suggests that marketing spillovers attracted...

This study examines the relationships between alcohol taxation, drinking during pregnancy, and infant health. Merged data from the US Natality Detailed Files, as well as the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1985-2002), data regarding state taxes on beer, wine, and liquor, a state- and year-fixed-effect reduced-form regression were used. Results indicate that a one-cent ($0.01) increa...

The Saccharomyces sensu stricto genus contains many species that are industrially important for fermentation of wines, beers and ales. The molecular characterization of the genomes of yeasts involved in these processes reveals that the majority arose from interspecific hybridization between two and sometimes three yeast species. The hybridization events generated allopolyploid genomes, and subs...

We present a concise overview of the modified Beer-Lambert law, which has been extensively used in the literature of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of scattering media. In particular, we discuss one form of the modified Beer-Lambert law that is commonly found in the literature and that is not strictly correct. However, this incorrect form of the modified Beer-Lambert law still leads to the c...

The 19th century witnessed many advances in scientific enzymology and microbiology that laid the foundations for modern biotechnological industries. In the current study, we analyze the content of original lager beer samples from the 1880s, 1890s and 1900s with emphasis on the carbohydrate content and composition. The historic samples include the oldest samples brewed with pure Saccharomyces ca...