The sensitivity of yield and quality parameters to carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] was determined for individual lines of hard-red spring wheat released in 1903, 1921, 1965 and 1996. All cultivars were evaluated with respect to growth and vegetative characteristics, grain yield and nutritional quality in response to [CO2] increases that corresponded roughly to the CO2 concentrations at the b...

[1] Biological and geochemical CO2 proxies provide critical constraints on understanding the role of atmospheric CO2 in driving climate change during Earth history. As no single existing CO2 proxy is without its limitations, there is a clear need for new approaches to reconstructing past CO2 concentrations. Here we develop a new preQuaternary CO2 proxy based on the stable carbon isotope composi...

Homeostasis of internal carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2) levels is fundamental to all animals. Here we examine the CO2 response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This species inhabits rotting material, which typically has a broad CO2 concentration range. We show that well fed C. elegans avoid CO2 levels above 0.5%. Animals can respond to both absolute CO2 concentrations and changes in...

Experimental research investigating the responses of forest trees to rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 has for the past two decades been justified on the basis of the prominent role of forests in the global carbon cycle. The C cycle regulates the airborne fraction of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion, and, therefore, the rate of increase of CO2 in the atmosphere and the associated effects ...

BACKGROUND Carbon dioxide (CO2) dose-dependently decreases minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anaesthetics in rats. CO2 also dose-dependently decreases cerebrospinal fluid pH. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels exhibit pH sensitivity and are putative targets for inhaled anaesthetics. We hypothesized that CO2 dose-dependently decreases rat NMDA channel current via an acidifying effect at ...

The injection of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers leads to the formation of a CO2 rich phase plume that tends to float over the resident brine. As pressure builds up, CO2 density will increase because of its high compressibility. Current analytical solutions do not account for CO2 compressibility and consider a volumetric injection rate that is uniformly distributed al...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux from the soil surface, which is a major source of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems, represents the total CO2 production at all soil depths. Although many studies have estimated the vertical profile of the CO2 production rate, one of the difficulties in estimating the vertical profile is measuring diffusion coefficients of CO2 at all soil depths in a nondestructive man...

Reducing the CO2 levels in the atmosphere is one of the emerging challenges for human society. It is commonly accepted that CO2, as a greenhouse gas, is partly responsible for climate changes. It is thus important to reduce those CO2 levels in every possible way. This can be achieved in different manners, for example by decreasing CO2 emission by developing energy efficient processes with a red...

اساس برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت صحیح داشتن آمار اطلاعات دقیق به‌هنگام است. یکی از مهم‌ترین بخش کشاورزی میزان تولید سالیانة هر محصول یا سطح زیرکشت ابزارهایی که در کمترین زمان با هزینة پایین دقت مناسب، می‌تواند محصولات را محاسبه کند دانش فنّاوری سنجش ‌از دور این تحقیق، دو روش طبقه‌بندی شبکة عصبی مصنوعی ماشین بردار پشتیبان استفاده‌ شده غالب منطقه، شامل هشت کلاس، تصاویر سری زمانی سنتینل‌ـ2 برآورد براساس ن...

The authors investigate the influence of El Niño on midtropospheric CO2 from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2). AIRS midtropospheric CO2 data are used to study the temporal and spatial variability of CO2 in response to El Niño. CO2 differences between the central and western Pacific Ocean correlate well with the So...