OBJECTIVE To determine whether I(Na) and I(CaL) are altered in function/density in right atrial (RA) cells from dogs with chronic atrial fibrillation (cAF dogs, episodes lasting at least 6 days) and whether the changes that occur differ from those in dogs with nonsustained or brief episodes of fibrillation (nAF dogs). METHODS Using whole cell voltage clamp, sodium and calcium current density ...

OBJECTIVE Our goal was to study rate adaptation of atrial action potentials in non-steady and steady states to further our understanding of mechanisms determining inducibility and stability of atrial fibrillation. METHODS We used standard microelectrode techniques to examine the characteristics of steady-state action potentials paced at regular cycle lengths (CL) and of nonsteady-state action...

PURPOSE To evaluate the transscleral delivery of fluoresceinated dextrans (FITC-D) with molecular mass up to 70 kDa to the rabbit posterior segment using sub-Tenon injections. METHODS Eighteen NZW rabbits received a unilateral 200-μL injection of 2 mg/mL sodium fluorescein (NaF), 25 mg/mL 40-kDa FITC-D, or 25 mg/mL 70-kDa FITC-D, with (n = 9) or without (n = 9) immediate euthanatization. In l...

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of selenium and zinc on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle changes in rat renal cells induced by fluoride. METHODS Wistar rats were given distilled water containing sodium fluoride (50 mg/L NaF) and were gavaged with different doses of selenium-zinc preparation for six months. Four groups were used and each group had eight animals (four males and four f...

Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) has been used for many years as a potential non-invasive method to identify markers for breast cancer risk or early detection. Because individual markers have not been optimal, we are exploring the use of surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to identify patterns of proteins that might define a proteomic signatu...

Using intact human platelets, we studied the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on platelet aggregation and release reaction and correlated the functional changes to intracellular events specific for either agonist-induced or antagonist-induced platelet responses. At lower concentrations, with a peak activity between 30 and 40 mmol/L, NaF induced aggregation and release of adenosine 5’-triphosphat...

Scalar multiplication is an important operation in elliptic curve cryptosystems(ECC). The algorithms for computing scalar multiplication are mostly based on the binary expansions of scalars, such as the non-adjacent form (NAF) and wNAF(sliding window method). Representing scalars using more bases can speed up the scalar multiplication, such as mbNAF, wmbNAF and extended wmbNAF, which was propos...

We deene a new logic language with negation by introducing existential and universal quantiiers in the queries. We call ??general programs and ??general goals the programs and the goals in this language. Negation is handled by using two rules: the NAF rule for universally quantiied negative queries and the NAI rule for existentially quantiied negative queries. We formalize this amalgamation in ...

This paper presents novel circuit configurations to realize Neuron Activation Function (NAF) and the Derivative of Neuron Activation Function (DNAF) with low power dissipation. The circuits realize NAF and DNAF simultaneously with programmable characteristics. In the proposed configurations, tan sigmoid and log sigmoid NAFs and their derivative can be obtained from the same circuit simultaneous...

We consider digital expansions in lattices with endomorphisms acting as base. We focus on the w-non-adjacent form (w-NAF), where each block of w consecutive digits contains at most one non-zero digit. We prove that for su ciently large w and an expanding endomorphism, there is a suitable digit set such that each lattice element has an expansion as a w-NAF. If the eigenvalues of the endomorphism...