South Africa (SA) is ranked fi fth amongst the 22 tuberculosis (TB) high burden countries in the world (World Health Organization (WHO) 2010), with nearly 460 000 new TB cases in 2007, an incidence rate of 948 cases per 100 000 population, and TB prevalence of 692 per 100 000 (WHO 2009). Although TB is a notifi able disease in SA, the quality of notifi cation and reporting varies. For instance,...

rials (Figure and eFigure 2). Smartphone-attached “laboratory on chip” (LOC) devices with modular microfluidic chips based on optoelectrowetting technology can perform sample preparation and detection steps in a simple and automated manner; LOC devices to run capillary electrophoresis, real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, enzymatic assays, biomarker screening, and immunoassays h...

BACKGROUND It is estimated that major depression disorders constitute 8.2% of years lived with disability (YLDs) globally. The repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) are two relative common interventions to treat major depressive disorders, especially for treatment resistant depression. In this study the cost- effectiveness and cost-utility of rT...

Background: The quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with poor pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms, incapacity to perform daily activities, as well as mental and cognitive disorders. Although there exists some evidence regarding the effect of socioeconomic status on the quality of life in the general population and those with chronic d...

INTRODUCTION Screening can prevent colorectal cancer from becoming advanced by early detection of precancerous lesions. Cost-effectiveness analysis of colorectal cancer screening methods is highly necessary due to increased prevalence, decreased age at onset and the limited budget in Iran. METHODS Methods of screening currently available in Iran were selected. A systematic search revealed the...

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) as a result of traffic accidents are one of the major causes of deaths, which lead to the loss of individuals' productive and working years of life. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to calculate the economic burden of traumatic brain injuries in fatal crashes at Shahid Rajaei Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, Iran for a period of five years. PATIENTS AND METHODS...

The cellular enamel organ and the cell-free organic matrix of developing enamel of female rats injected intravascularly with [3H]serine and [3H]proline were extracted in a number of solvents and examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and h.p.l.c. in 6M-guanidinium chloride at intervals varying from 5 min to 1 week after injection. Three major species soluble in N...

Heroin is an illegal drug and monitoring heroin use is important in rehabilitation, pain management services, and workplace employment testing. In humans, heroin is rapidly converted to 6-acetylmorphine (6AM), which is quickly hydrolyzed to morphine. Morphine glucuronide is the major metabolite of heroin in urine (1 ). However, 6AM is a unique metabolite of heroin and is considered the definiti...