not have been systematically collected or reported, raising issues of ascertainment bias. This issue is even more challenging because all patients had cognitive impairment. Second, study discontinuation rates were high and there was not a planned, rigorously conducted period of off-drug follow-up. In addition, our analysis updates the published findings from study 078, since a subsequent invest...

In 2009, a programme of Clostridium difficile ribotyping was established in the north east. The aim of this project was to profile circulating ribotypes in the region, In all, 50 notified north east Clostridium difficile cases were ribotyped. The majority of cases occurred in patients over 70 years and in hospital in-patients. The most common ribotype identified was 027 (n = 12, 24%) and 005 (n...

Epidemiological and genetic variables in hypospadias were analysed during the years 1978 to 1983 in a case control study of congenital malformations in the Emilia Romagna region of northern Italy. During the observation period, in a sample of 41 078 male newborns, 168 had hypospadias giving a prevalence at birth of 4.1 in 1000 males. Hypospadias was divided into three types: type I or mild (75....

A total of 316 toxigenic Clostridium difficile clinical isolates of known PCR ribotypes from patients in North America were screened for resistance to clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and rifampin. Clindamycin resistance was observed among 16 different ribotypes, with ribotypes 017, 053, and 078 showing the highest proportions of resistance. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazo...

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BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is a recognised cause of typhlocolitis and diarrhoea in neonatal pigs but has never been confirmed in association with pathology and disease in Irish pigs. CASE PRESENTATION Four neonatal piglets, with a history of diarrhoea were referred to the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Backweston for necropsy. They were from a fully integrated, commercial pig f...

The yeast MAPKKK Ste11 activates three MAP kinase pathways, including pheromone signaling, osmosensing, and pseudohyphal/invasive growth pathways. We identified two chemical compounds, BTB03006 and GK03225, that suppress growth defects induced by Ste11 activation in diploid yeast cells. BTB03006, but not GK03225, was found to suppress growth defects induced by both alpha-factor and Ste4 G(beta)...

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We analyze the physical conditions of the outflow seen in QSO 2359–1241 (NVSS J235953-124148), based on high resolution spectroscopic VLT observations. This object was previously studied using Keck/HIRES data. The main improvement over the HIRES results is our ability to accurately determine the number density of the outflow. For the major absorption component, level population from five differ...