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Because of the heterogeneity of human tumors, cancer patient populations are usually composed of multiple subgroups with different molecular and/or histologic characteristics. In screening new anticancer agents, there might be a scientific rationale to expect some degree of similarity in clinical activity across the subgroups. This poses a challenge to the design of phase II trials assessing cl...

Culture can be viewed as the means by which a society can live in its surroundings by acquiring and consuming free energy. This naturalistic notion assumes that everything can be valued in terms of energy, hence also social changes can be described as natural processes that are influenced by the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. This universal law, when formulated as an equation of motion, reveals tha...

Concatenative speech synthesis using phoneme, di-phone and allophone as an elementary unit for Hindi speech synthesis requires significant quality improvement. The naturalness of the state of the art waveform synthesizer is attributed due to the use of syllable as a basic unit. The primary reason for choosing the syllable as a basic unit is that the Indian languages are syllable centered. This ...

OBJECTIVE Cognitive deficits have been inconsistently described for late or moderately preterm children but are consistently found in very preterm children. This study investigates the association between cognitive workload demands of tasks and cognitive performance in relation to gestational age at birth. METHODS Data were collected as part of a prospective geographically defined whole-popul...

Antibiotics have either bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. However, they also induce considerable gene expression in bacteria when used at subinhibitory concentrations (below the MIC). We found that lincomycin, which inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the ribosomes of Gram-positive bacteria, was effective for inducing the expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism in Strep...

BACKGROUND The X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytes of the innate immune system and is characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe bacterial and fungal infections. It is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, which encodes the 91-kD subunit of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. AIM To identify the mutation in the CYBB gene ...

The clear cell form of renal cell carcinoma is known to derive its histologic appearance from accumulations of glycogen and lipid. We have found that the most consistently stored lipid form is cholesteryl ester. Clear cell cancer tissue contained 8-fold more total cholesterol and 35-fold more esterified cholesterol than found in normal kidney. Cholesteryl ester appeared to be formed intracellul...

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Qigong on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) using the systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods All prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials published in English or Chinese and involving the use of Qigong by patients with DM were searched in 7 electronic databases from their respective inception to June 2016. The ...

Yeast fimbrin (Sac6p) is an actin filament-bundling protein that is lethal when overexpressed. To identify the basis for this lethality, we sought mutations that can suppress it. A total of 1326 suppressor mutations were isolated and analyzed. As the vast majority of mutations were expected to simply decrease the expression of Sac6p to tolerable levels, a rapid screen was devised to eliminate t...