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The hypothesis that dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive calcium channels have three distinct modes of gating has been examined. The major prediction is that the relative frequencies among modes depend on DHP concentration while the kinetics within a mode do not. We tested this by studying whole-cell and single-channel calcium currents in neonatal rat and adult guinea pig cardiac myocytes in differe...

one-pot multicomponent reaction between isatin, barbituric acid, and 6-amino-1,3-dimethyl uracil was investigated in the presence of sulfonic acid functionalized nanoporous silica (sba-pr-so3h) and resulted in the formation of spirooxindole dipyrimidines. spirooxindole unit is found in many natural products and biologically active molecules and 1,4-dihydropyridines are an important class of com...

Complete colorblindness (achromatopsia) is caused by autosomal recessively inherited mutations in the retinal phototransduction pathway, predominantly in the CNGA3and CNGB3-subunit of the cyclic nucleotidegated (CNG) channels in cone photoreceptors. CNGA3, which is mutated in about 25% of the achromatopsia patients, mainly harbors missense mutations which frequently impair the folding and/or tr...

A simple and mild one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed from various aldehyde substrates, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (dimedone) and ammonium acetate (Hantzsch method) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phospho sulfonic acid (PSA) as an efficient and heterogeneous solid acid in EtOH at room temperature. Preparation of PSA is straightforw...

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanorods was prepared via one pot sol-gel method using Bi(NO3)3.5H2O and starch (as template) in water under hydrothermal condition followed by calcination at 320˚C within 3 h. The resultant solid product was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TGA), and FTIR techniques. Based on the obtained results, the formatio...