This paper summarises the available information to date on pigments used Portuguese azulejos between late 16th century and beginning of 19th century. Most references cited focus 17th-century tiles, followed by century, whereas there is very little 18th centuries. Regardless chronology, azulejo palette uses cobalt, copper, manganese, iron oxides obtain blue, green, purple, dark brown, respective...

The article discusses the problems of using archival materials and old editions in order to familiarize themselves with history culture individual countries. Using example practice postmodern technology for digitizing non-academic historical documents by German authors, it is shown that they constitute a significant resource expanding knowledge field cultural studies, educational history, geogr...

During the 16th and 17th centuries maize, a New World cereal defi cient in niacin (vitamin B3 or PP), replaced cereals of higher economic and nutritional value in the staple diet of the poor in Southern Europe. As a consequence of quasi-monophagic maize porridge-based diets pellagra, a lethal new disease due to severe niacin defi ciency, spread dramatically among the Southern European peasantry...

The fall of Angkor in the 15th century marked a turning point Cambodian history leading to downfall Khmer civilization and start so-called “post-Angkor period” which is also often referred as “Dark Age Cambodia”. Local epigraphical sources almost completely disappear from 13th up 16th centuries while Royal Chronicles dealing with this timeframe were compiled much later, mostly 18th 19th centuri...

The article is devoted to the analysis of Pitirim Sorokin’s book “The Sociology Revolution” in context scientific achievements field theory revolution. author analyzes: first, those ideas and thoughts that formed basis Sorokin's concept comparison with approaches existed his time; Secondly, had been developing 20th century under influence book. considers, needs be considered researches on cause...

In post-reform Russia, a demographic transition began — replacement of the traditional type population reproduction with modern one. A significant part had rationalized behavior; indicators improved; efficiency increased; intra-family relations been humanized; and individual birth control developed mainly in cities. The earlier than is commonly thought among townspeople Saint Petersburg provinc...

The article considers the issues of geotechnical substantiation and application constructive technological measures for construction underground space up to 4.4 m deep in closed courtyard Palace built 18th century conditions weak water-saturated soils historical center St. Petersburg. 18.4 x 29.4 was arranged close proximity enclosing structures civil buildings - 19th centuries. presents design...

This overview reflects the extensive changes in the health care system which had significant effects on the apothecaryâs profession and education. In the 18(th) century Maria Theresia assigned Gerard van Swieten to modernize the medical curriculum and to work out reforms for health care. The resulting sanitary bill released in 1770 and amended in 1773 became effective for the whole empire and i...

The article considers the problem of development metrical forms cycle folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph. Spiritual related to literary tradition are used as supplementary material. aim research is trace evolution metrics Joasaph in context history Russian versification. tasks formation a database texts, differentiation texts into thematic groups, selection method work, and analy...