This report presents an approach to costing the delivery of a malaria vaccine through the expanded program on immunization (EPI), and presents the predicted cost per dose delivered and cost per fully immunized child (FIC) in Tanzania, which are key inputs to the cost-effectiveness analysis. The costs included in the analysis are those related to the purchase of the vaccine taking into account t...

This quantitative case study aimed to learn and analyze the personnel cost in nursing direct care in the intensive care unit. We opted to use a therapeutic intervention score index, TISS-28, for the analysis of the indirect gravity of patients and the dimension of the nursing staff working time. Evaluating the cost by a gravity score presented to be a logical and relatively simple method to all...

Accurate assessments of one’s abilities are important in many domains. These assessments, e.g, form the basis for the choice of education, or the wage one is asking in wage negotiations. Evidence from psychology and economics indicates that many individuals seem to overestimate their ability. These results are typically taken as evidence that individuals are overconfident in their abilities. Re...

Research examining the relationships between nurse staffing, hospital costs, and length of stay is varied using a range of methods and definitions. This lack of coherence in definitions and measurement tools for cost and length of stay makes it difficult to conclude with certainty the results of nurse staffing on hospital cost and length of stay. However, the evidence reflected that significant...

Given an expert network, we tackle the problem of finding a team of experts that covers a set of required skills and also minimizes the communication cost as well as the personnel cost of the team. Since two costs need to be minimized, this is a bicriteria optimization problem. We show that the problem of minimizing these objectives is NP-hard. We use two approaches to solve this bicriteria opt...

This paper presents a heuristic approach to optimize staffing and scheduling at an aircraft maintenance company. The goal is to build robust aircraft maintenance personnel rosters that can achieve a certain service level while minimizing the total labour costs. Robust personnel rosters are rosters that can handle delays associated with stochastic flight arrival times. To deal with this stochast...

As public and private demand for food safety grows, firms need to be able to evaluate the optimal (least-cost) combinations of interventions to reduce pathogens. We use data from input suppliers to hog packing firms and from meat science studies to examine the cost function for pathogen reduction. An economic optimization model is used to explore the trade offs in achieving multiple pathogen re...

BACKGROUND Violence against emergency medical services (EMS) personnel is a growing concern. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize the current literature on violence against EMS personnel. METHODS We examined literature from 2000 to 2016. Eligibility criteria included English-language, peer-reviewed studies of EMS personnel that described violence or assaults. Sixteen searches id...

abstract background: monitoring internal exposure of individuals handling significant amounts of iodine-125 (i-125) for iodination is of great importance. these individuals are potentially exposed to external contamination, and internal contamination through inhalation, ingestion and intact skin absorption, to i-125. considering radiological toxicity of this radionuclide its monitoring in the w...