Background: Antithrombotic therapy in valvular disease is important to mitigate thromboembolism, but the hemorrhagic risk imposed must be considered. Methods: The methods of this guideline follow those described in Methodology for the Development of Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis Guidelines. Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Ch...

The central serotonergic signalling system has been shown to play an important role in appetite control and the regulation of food intake. Serotonin exerts its anorectic effects mainly through the 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(6) receptors and these are therefore receiving increasing attention as principal pharmacotherapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity. The 5-HT(2C) receptor has the dis...

Cold increases cutaneous vasoconstriction by unmasking the contractile activity of alpha(2C)-adrenoceptors (alpha(2C)-ARs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is mediated by the cold-induced mobilization of alpha(2C)-ARs from the transGolgi to the cell surface. The expression of alpha(2C)-ARs in human cutaneous VSMCs is under dual regulation by cyclic AMP: gene transcription is inhib...

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification in which adenosine residues are converted to inosine (adenosine-to-inosine editing). Commonly used methodologies to quantify RNA editing levels involve either direct sequencing or pyrosequencing of individual cDNA clones. The limitations of these methods lead to a small number of clones characterized in comparison to the number of mRNA molecule...

Nef is a multifunctional HIV-1 protein that accelerates progression to AIDS, and enhances the infectivity of progeny viruses through a mechanism that is not yet understood. Here, we show that the small molecule compound 2c reduces Nef-mediated viral infectivity enhancement. When added to viral producer cells, 2c did not affect the efficiency of viral production itself. However, the infectivity ...

It is indicated that there are important molecules interacting with brain nervous systems to regulate feeding and energy balance by influencing the signaling pathways of these systems, but relatively few of the critical players have been identified. In the present study, we provide the evidence for the role of Abelson helper integration site 1 (Ahi1) protein as a mediator of feeding behavior th...

Ploidy studies of tumors are a diagnostic and prognostic aid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the DNA content of palate aggressive pleomorphic adenomas (PA) and adenocarcinomas of the salivary glands. Twelve cases of salivary gland tumors of the palate were selected from the archives of the Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires (1966-2001). Six...

We have investigated nuclear changes induced in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plant roots by two different pathogens, a phytoplasma of the stolbur group and the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, using light and electron microscopy as well as flow cytometry. Our results show that both pathogens strongly influenced nuclear structure, causing pyknosis and chromatolysis,...

A hallmark of the Escherichia coli SOS response is the large increase in mutations caused by translesion synthesis (TLS). TLS requires DNA polymerase V (UmuD'2C) and RecA. Here, we show that pol V and RecA interact by two distinct mechanisms. First, pol V binds to RecA in the absence of DNA and ATP and second, through its UmuD' subunit, requiring DNA and ATP without ATP hydrolysis. TLS occurs i...

BACKGROUND We update recommendations on 12 topics that were in the 9th edition of these guidelines, and address 3 new topics. METHODS We generate strong (Grade 1) and weak (Grade 2) recommendations based on high- (Grade A), moderate- (Grade B), and low- (Grade C) quality evidence. RESULTS For VTE and no cancer, as long-term anticoagulant therapy, we suggest dabigatran (Grade 2B), rivaroxaba...