ITE JOURNAL / FEBRUARY 2002 TOLL FACILITIES CANNOT BE CLASsified under the same pretenses as normal freeway segments or signalized intersections because of the unique characteristics associated with toll plazas being integrated within the system. Therefore, it is difficult to examine the operational conditions and accurately report the benefits of toll facilities to the public in terms they can...

Many problems from mathematics and engineering can be described in terms of reconstruction from geometric information. Reconstruction is the algorithmic problem of combining the results of measurements of some aspect of a physical or mathematical object to obtain desired information about the object. In this chapter, we consider three different classes of geometric reconstruction problems. In S...

International Family Planning Perspectives Young people in South Africa face high levels of unwanted pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. The South African government has cited the high incidence of unwanted pregnancy among youth as one of the major challenges facing the country.1 More than one-third of women nationally have their first child before age 20.2 The overwhelming majority of these pregnancies oc...

the present study aimed to use a method for the synthesis of some 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1h) - ones/thiones. the study tried to answer the question whether this reaction can be performed without solvent and with new catalyst or not. to find answer to the question, we described a novel protocol for the efficient synthesis of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1h)-one derivatives using aromatic aldehyde,...

We recently reported a novel synthesis of copper nanoparticles from copper sulphate utilizing the charge-compensatory effect of ionic liquid [bmim]BF(4) and ethylene glycol. The nanoparticles were characterized and found to be stable for one year. Here we hypothesize that the stabilized nanoparticles should be able to catalyze one-pot multicomponent organic reactions. We show that the nanoparti...

3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones of curcumin were synthesized in excellent yield by multi-component one-pot condensation of curcumin, substituted aromatic aldehydes and urea/thiourea under solvent free conditions using SnCl(2)·2H(2)O catalyst. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass spectra as well as elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds 4a-n were...