All mobile carriers these days have provided 3G and 4G services to their customers. The evolution of cellular networks from 3G to 4G has improved several performance metrics of the data communications. The focus of this paper is to evaluate two of the most important performance metrics: throughput and delay. We consider the cellular network as an integrate infrastructure that includes mobile an...

S ECOND GENERATION (2G) wireless systems such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), North American Time Division Multiple Access (NA-TDMA), and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMAone) have brought mobile telephony to an impressive worldwide market. The deployment of next generation (NG) wireless systems, including 2.5G General Packet Radio Service (G...

Capacity dimensioning is performed before launching a cellular network, which includes coverage estimation and forecast of throughput. Cellular companies in developing countries like Pakistan are only providing 2G services, while 3G services are still in process of being launched. Although a lot of research has been done on 3G services in developed countries but there is very little knowledge r...

3G mobile communications is advanced and emerging technology in the field of wireless communication also providing facilities like multimedia accessing, internet services, higher capacity of data rates and multiple services for same connection. The Rake receiver involves descrambling, dispreading, channel estimation and fading cancellation. The main principle behind Rake receiver is that they e...

The third generation partnership project (3GPP) has addressed the feasibility of interworking and specified the interworking architecture and security architecture for third generation (3G)-wireless local area network (WLAN), it is developing, system architecture evolution (SAE)/ long term evolution (LTE) architecture, for the next generation mobile communication system. To provide a secure 3G-...

glycine, alanine and valine are taken as amino acids with an equal polar head and with thedifference in the length of hydrocarbon chains. the structural optimizations show the results of theisolated glycine, alanine and valine in the gases phase, at the hartree-fock level by means ofsto-3g,3-21g, 6-31g and 6-31+g basis sets. the calculations were performed for the ten (1-10)solvents using pcm m...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and issues associated with a research totally implantable cochlear implant (TIKI). STUDY DESIGN Limited patient trial. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Three adult human subjects with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were implanted with a research TIKI developed by Cochlear Limited and the Co-operativ...

Let S be an oriented surface of genus g ≥ 0 with m ≥ 0 punctures and 3g − 3 + m ≥ 2. We classify all Radon measures on the space of measured geodesic laminations which are invariant under the action of the mapping class group of S.

Let S be a closed oriented surface S of genus g ≥ 0 with m ≥ 0 marked points (punctures) and 3g − 3 + m ≥ 2. This is a survey of recent results on actions of the mapping class group of S which led to a geometric understanding of this group. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 30F60, Secondary 20F28, 20F65, 20F69