Fournier, Mario, and Michael I. Lewis. Influences of IGF-I gene disruption on the cellular profile of the diaphragm. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278: E707–E715, 2000.—The impact of a targeted disruption of the Igf1 gene, encoding the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), on diaphragm (DIA) cellularity was studied in 2-mo-old homozygous mutant [IGF-I(2/2)] mice and their wild-type [WT; i.e., I...

Selim, Niazy, Gene D. Branum, Xia Liu, Richard Whalen, and Thomas D. Boyer. Differential lobular induction in rat liver of glutathione S-transferase A1/A2 by phenobarbital. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 278: G542– G550, 2000.—Phenobarbital and other xenobiotics induce drug-metabolizing enzymes, including glutathione S-transferase A1/A2 (rGSTA1/A2). We examined the mechanism of inducti...

Li, P., T.-M. Chang, D. Coy, and W. Y. Chey. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rat stomach by PACAP is mediated by secretin, somatostatin, and PGE2. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278: G121–G127, 2000.—Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), existing in two variants, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38, is found in the enteric nervous system and regulates function of t...

Heart, Emma, Woo S. Choi, and Chin K. Sung. Glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278: E103–E112, 2000.—To study molecular mechanisms for glucosamine-induced insulin resistance, we induced complete and reversible insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with glucosamine in a doseand time-dependent manner (maximal effects at 50 mM glucosam...

Brands, Michael W., Sharyn M. Fitzgerald, William H. Hewitt, and Allison E. Hailman. Decreased cardiac output at the onset of diabetes: renal mechanisms and peripheral vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278: E917– E924, 2000.—Recently we reported that hindquarter blood flow, measured 24 h/day, decreased progressively over the first 6 days of type 1 diabetes in rats. That response, ...

The mechanistic understanding of interactions between diet-derived substances and conventional medications in humans is nascent. Most investigations have examined cytochrome P450–mediated interactions. Interactions mediated by other phase I enzymes are understudied. Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a phase I hydroxylase that is gaining recognition in drug design and development programs. Taken together...